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Lec 1

The document discusses fundamentals of audio system engineering including vibration, acoustic waves, sound reflection and transmission, room acoustics, and loudspeaker and microphone design. It covers topics like linear vibrations, damped and forced oscillations, and relates these concepts to audio systems.

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Saisahan T
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32 views16 pages

Lec 1

The document discusses fundamentals of audio system engineering including vibration, acoustic waves, sound reflection and transmission, room acoustics, and loudspeaker and microphone design. It covers topics like linear vibrations, damped and forced oscillations, and relates these concepts to audio systems.

Uploaded by

Saisahan T
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Audio System Engineering

Dr. S. K. Das Mandal


Centre for Educational Technology
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
[email protected]
Course Contents
 Fundamentals of Vibration and equivalent
electrical circuits for mechanical oscillation
 The linear acoustic wave equation and
simple solutions
 Sound Reflection and Transmission
 Sound Absorption and Attenuation
 Large room and Small room acoustics
 Architectural acoustics
Loudspeaker and Microphone design
Audio system
Course outcome
 Given the specification of an acoustic room (large room
or small room acoustic) determine the reverberation time,
mean free path, number of reflection per second, room
modes and minimum volume for large room acoustic .

 Given the specification for a auditorium or studio


requirement list the acoustical requirements and design
the acoustic part of the auditorium or studio.

 Given the necessary specification design the


microphone and loudspeaker

 Determine the sound reflection, transmission,


absorption, coefficients for a given acoustic source and
condition.
Lecture-1

Fundamentals of Linear Vibrations


The Simple Oscillator
f
s
m f   sx
x Hooke’s law

d 2x
f  m
dt 2
d 2x
m 2
 sx  0
dt
s
0 
2

m
d 2x
2
  2
x  0
dt 0

Completed general solution x  A1 cos(0t )  A2 sin(0t )


Initial Condition of trigonometric method of solution
x  A1 cos(0 t )  A2 sin(0 t )
u0
at t  0; A1  x0 and A2 
0
u0
x  x0 cos(0 t )  sin(0 t )    (1)
0
A1  A cos  and A2   A sin 
x  A cos(0 t   )
1
  u0  
2 2

at t  0; A   x 0  
2
   

  0   
 u0 
and   tan 1

  x 

 0 0 
u  U sin(0 t   ) where U  0 A

U   Speed Amplitude
a  0U cos(0 t   )
Complex Exponential method of solution
x  A1e j0t  A2 e  j0t
u0
at t  0; A1  A2  x0 and A1  A2   j
0

1 u0 1 u0
A1  ( x0   j ) and A2  ( x0  j )
2 0 2 0
The real part of the complex solution is by itself a complete general
solution of the original real differential equation.

x  A1e j0t  A2 e  j0t


A1  a1  jb1 Re{x}  (a1  a2 ) cos(0t )  (b1  b2 ) sin(0t )
A2  a2  jb2
Apply initial condition
u0
x  x0 cos(0t )  sin(0t )
0
Similarly a complete solution is obtained if the x is
written in form of
x  Ae j0t whereA  a  ib
u  j 0 x
a   02 x Ae j (0t  )

Ae j
jb

a
Energy of Vibration
x
1 2 1
E p   sxdx  sx  sA2 cos 2 (0t   )
0
2 2

1 1
Ek  mu  mU 2 sin 2 (0t   )
2

2 2
1 2 1
E  E p  Ek  sA cos (0t   )  mU 2 sin 2 (0t   )
2

2 2
1
 m 02 A2 s
2  
2
U  0 A
0
m
Damped Oscillation

s
m

(dashpot )
Rm
u
d 2x dx
m 2
 Rm  sx  0
dt dt
d 2 x Rm dx s
2
  x0
dt m dt m
d 2x dx
2
 2  0   2
0 x  0
dt dt
Use a trial solution x = A et
[ 2  ( Rm / m)  02 ]( Aet )  0
 2  ( Rm / m)  02  0
 2  2   02  0
Two possible  ' s are :   (    2  02 )

If Rm is very small    j 0

  (    j d )
d  ( 2   2 )
0

Natural angular frequency of the


damped oscillator
x  e  t ( A1e jd t  A2 e  jd t )
Relaxation time
x  Ae  t cos(d t   ) 1


Forced Oscillation
d 2x dx
2
 Rm   2
0 x  f (t )
dt dt

f (t )  F cos t

f (t )  Fe jt

d 2x dx j t x  Ae jt
 Rm   0
2
x  Fe
dt 2 dt

( A 2 m  jARm  As )e jt  Fe jt


Fe jt
1 Fe jt u
x Rm  j (m  s /  )
j Rm  j (m  s /  )
f
Zm 
u
Forced Oscillation
d 2x dx
2
 Rm   2
0 x  f (t )
dt dt

f (t )  F cos t

f (t )  Fe jt

d 2x dx j t x  Ae jt
 Rm   0
2
x  Fe
dt 2 dt

( A 2 m  jARm  As )e jt  Fe jt


Fe jt
1 Fe jt u
x Rm  j (m  s /  )
j Rm  j (m  s /  )
f
Zm 
u
s
Z m  Rm  jX m X m  m 

Z m  Z m e j f
u u  j x
Zm
f 1 Fe jt 1 Fe j (t  )
x  
j Z m j Z m e j
j Zm
1 F (cos(t   )  j sin(t   )

j Zm

F
Re{ x}  sin(t   )
 Zm
F
Re{u}  cos(t   )
Zm
Instantaneous Power i
 i  fource.speed
F
 F cos t cos(t   )
Zm
Average Power 
T
1 F2

T 
0
Zm
cos t cos(t   )dt
Rm
T
cos  
F 2 Zm
 
Zm T 0
cos t cos(t   )dt

2 F 2 Rm
F 
 cos  2 Zm
2

2 Zm

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