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BSCS 208 AOOP Lecture 1 OOP Concepts

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16 views18 pages

BSCS 208 AOOP Lecture 1 OOP Concepts

Uploaded by

craigcarlos95
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BSCS 208: Advanced

Object Oriented
Programming

Lecture 1 - Overview of
OOP Concepts

1
Objects and classes
 A class is a template or a blueprint for an
object
 When you create an instance of a class, you
get an object of that class
 A class specifies the properties, features and
behavior of its objects in the same way the
DNA specifies the properties of the class of
living things.
 In OOP, data are hidden and are accessible
only through the methods of that class.

2
Objects and classes – cont’d
 Defining a class
• A class has 3 parts as shown below.

class ClassName
variables

methods

3
Objects and classes – cont’d
class ClassName
{
variables declaration;
methods declaration;
}

 NB:
• Everything inside the curly brackets is optional, hence
class Empty{} is a valid java class.
• It can compile and even be instantiated into objects
but it will not do anything since it is empty.

4
Objects and classes – cont’d
 Declaring variables and methods
class Rectangle
{
int length;
int width;
void method1(int x, int y)
{
}
int method2()
{
}
}

5
Abstraction and encapsulation
 Encapsulation
• Wrapping of data and methods into a class
• Data are not accessible except through
methods
• This insulation of data from direct access is
called data hiding.
 Abstraction
• Representing only the essential features and
hiding details

6
Inheritance
• Inheritance is the technique by which objects
of a class acquire properties of another class
• In Java, we use extends keyword for single
inheritance and implements for interface
(multiple) inheritance.

7
Inheritance – cont’d
 There are 4 types of inheritance
• Single inheritance – class A extends B
• Multiple inheritance - class A extends B implements C
• Hierarchical inheritance -
• Multilevel inheritance –
 The first two types are most important, and the
last two are their extensions
 Therefore, we focus on single and multiple
inheritances in this class.

8
Inheritance – cont’d

9
Inheritance – cont’d

10
Polymorphism
 Polymorphism is the ability to take more than
one form i.e. exhibit different behavior
 We can implement polymorphism using
operators e.g.
• a + b = ab [string concatenation] and
• 1 + 2 = 3 [math operation]
 This type of polymorphism is called operator
overloading.

11
Polymorphism – cont’d
 We can also implement polymorphism
using methods
 This type of polymorphism is called
method overriding
 For example
• we can create an abstract class Shape and
then subclass it into Polygon and Rectangle

12
Polymorphism – cont’d
public abstract class Shape
{
private double area;
public abstract double getArea();
}

 NB:
• The subclasses must override the getArea()
method to produce desired effects.

13
Message passing
 Communication between objects

14
Dynamic binding
 Involves linking a method call to the code
to be executed in response to the call.
 The code to be executed is not known
until runtime
 Dynamic binding is associated with
polymorphism and inheritance.

15
Benefits of OOP
 Inheritance – increases reusability of code
 Data hiding – increases security of code
 Classes – enable the partitioning of large
systems into smaller modules
 Easy to upgrade small OOP programs into
larger programs
 Makes message communication easier
 Easier to manage software complexity

16
Applications of OOP
 Real time systems
 Simulation and modeling
 Object Oriented databases
 Web applications
 AI & expert systems
 Parallel programming
 Decision support and office automation
 Graphics applications

17
Lab exercise
 Write a program that uses the concepts
of inheritance and polymorphism to
calculate the areas of a rectangle and a
square.

18

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