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Chapter 2

The document discusses different types of computer cases and components of the motherboard. It describes tower, desktop, portable and all-in-one cases. It also explains the functions of the motherboard and components like memory sockets, BIOS, peripheral ports. Issues related to motherboard such as symptoms, causes and solutions for troubleshooting are mentioned.

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Bizuneh getu
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15 views39 pages

Chapter 2

The document discusses different types of computer cases and components of the motherboard. It describes tower, desktop, portable and all-in-one cases. It also explains the functions of the motherboard and components like memory sockets, BIOS, peripheral ports. Issues related to motherboard such as symptoms, causes and solutions for troubleshooting are mentioned.

Uploaded by

Bizuneh getu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Maintenance and

Technical Support

Compiled by tesfaye
CHAPTER TWO
Computer cases and
the motherboard
Computer Cases

• A computer case also known as a "computer


chassis", "tower", "system unit", "base unit" or
simply "case" and sometimes incorrectly referred to
as the "CPU" or "hard drive“.

• It is enclosure that contains most of the components


of a computer (usually excluding the display,
keyboard and mouse).
Computer Cases cont.…

• Cases are usually constructed from steel or


aluminum. Plastic is sometimes used, and other
materials such as glass and wood.
• Computer cases usually include sheet metal
enclosures for a power supply unit and drive bays.
Diagram of cases
Computer Cases cont.…
• A rear panel that can accommodate peripheral
connectors protruding from the motherboard and
expansion slots.
• Most cases also have a power button or switch, a
reset button, and LEDs to indicate power status as
well as hard drive.
• Some cases include built-in I/O ports (such as USB
and headphone ports) on the front of the case.
Major component locations within case

• The motherboard is usually screwed to the case


along its largest face.
• The power supply unit is often housed at the top
rear of the case
Major component locations
within case cont..
• Most cases include drive bays on the front of the
case.
• Buttons and LEDs are typically located on the
front of the case; some cases include additional
I/O ports.
• Vents are often found on the front, back, and
sometimes on the side of the case to allow
cooling fans to be mounted via surrounding
threaded screw holes.
Tower Case (Full, Midi and Mini)

• These cases usually sport up to multiple drive


bays, and as a result, are the most expensive
computer cases in the market.
Desktop Case
• This type of case in which the monitor sits on top
of the case has the fewest alternative available on
the market.
Portable Case

• This type of case is usually the lightest and the


most portable in the market.
All-In-One-Case
• This type of case is very popular with Apple
computers, it is slim and cool looking, and the only
drawback of course is if some component breaks
inside your kind out of luck.
Mother board
• Motherboard is the base of the modern computer
system.
• If the processor is the brain of the computer, then the
motherboard is the central nervous system and
circulatory system.
• Is the main circuit board in the computer where
everything comes together.
Mother board cont..

• Another name of MB:


Main board
System board
Primary circuit board
Printed circuit board
Mother board cont..

• To plug in processor, memory, video card, sound


card, etc.
• To connect all the peripherals.
• Good understanding of motherboard is the most
critical part of getting a good understanding of
how PCs work in general.
The importance of motherboard

• Organization
• Control
• Communication
• Processor Support
• Peripheral Support
• Performance
Form Factor of mother board

• Two kinds of form factors are AT and ATX


• The terms basically describe the shape and size of
the motherboards, as well as the layout of the
components on the board.
• The case and power supply must then match the
type of motherboard you have chosen.
AT type MB

• AT(Advance Technology).
• Expansion slot build side by side of CPU
interface.
• Air ventilations is very low.
• Cooling system is very low.
Types of AT MB

1. Full (old):
• the first personal computer MB.
• 12X18 inches.
• No CD-ROM technology.
• Floppy driver .
Types of AT MB cont.…

2.Baby(new):

• Secondary personal computer MB.


• 8X12 inches.
• CD-ROM.
• Floppy driver
• AT power supply connect to AT or Baby AT with one P8
connector and one P9 connector.
Diagram of AT type MB
ATX type MB

• Expansion slot build for away CPU interface.


• Air ventilation high.
• Cooling system high.
• CD-ROM technology.
• Floppy drive.
ATX type MB cont..

• It has many integrated ports, including two serial


ports, a parallel port, USB ports

• ATX power supply connect to the motherboard


via a single P1 connector.
Diagram of ATX type MB
Some parts of MB
Memory Sockets

• Most motherboards today come with between 2 and 8


sockets for the insertion of memory.
• POWER CONNECTOR
• The motherboard has a socket to attach the power cables
coming from the power supply.
• ATX form factor motherboards and power supplies use a
single , keyed 20-wire motherboard power cable.
Diagram of memory socket
and power connector(s)
Some parts of MB
BIOS

• The system BIOS (which stands for Basic Input/output System)


• is a computer program that is built into the PC's hardware.
• . It is the lowest-level program that runs on your computer.
• Its job is to act as an intermediary between your system
hardware (the chipset, motherboard, processor and peripherals)
and your system software (the operating system).
• The BIOS is what runs when you turn on your computer, and
what loads your operating system.
Some parts of MB
System Buses
• The system buses are the electrical channels through which various
parts of the computer communicate.
Some parts of MB
Peripheral I/O

• Peripherals are external devices that you connect to


your PC.
• There are two main ways that you can connect
peripherals to your machine:
1.Serial Communications
2. Parallel Communications
Some parts of MB
Peripheral I/O(serial)

• A serial connection sends information over the line


one bit at a time.
• . It is a simple way to send information in or out of
the computer, but is not as fast as other ways the
computer can communicate.
• Serial connections are typically used for devices such
as modems.
Some parts of MB
Peripheral I/O(parallel)

• A parallel connection is faster than a serial one


because it sends many bits in parallel.
• The advantage of this is that it is faster, the disadvantage
is that it is more complicated to do.
• Parallel connections are used
• most often for printers and removable storage drives,
which need more speed than serial peripherals.
System Board Upgrading

• There are typically five serviceable components


on the system board.
These include:
microprocessor
RAM modules
CMOS Backup battery
ROM BIOS IC(s)
cache memory
Troubleshooting motherboard

• Troubleshooting is a systematic approach to


locating the cause of a fault in a computer
system.
• MB is the skeleton of our computer.
Troubleshooting motherboard
symptoms
• Everything powers on but you can't see a live
screen.
• Computer turns on for just a few seconds then
turns off.(the computer try to boot but won’t
boot).
• Some peripherals work others don't.
• Continuous restart.
• The computer won’t boot
Troubleshooting motherboard
symptoms cont..

• Red(switch) light at LED.


• System locks up during normal operation.
• A beep code of 1 long and 3 short beeps is produced
by the system.
• System will not hold date and time.
• A CMOS Battery Low message, indicating the
failure of CMOS battery or CMOS checksum test.
Troubleshooting motherboard
causes
• AC power shortage or blackout.
• Defective(fault) power supply(power cable) such as MB
power cable or CPU fun power cable.
• MB power interface.
• Defective data cable.
• CMOS battery dead.
• MB short with other metallic plates found in the cases of the
computer.
Troubleshooting motherboard
causes cont..

• Switch failer
• At the time of blowing one must disconnect each
and every cables from the mother board.
• Electronics component might failed
(eg. capacitor) b/c of power supply related
problem.
Troubleshooting motherboard
solution

• Check the cable connections.


• Reset the CMOS.
• Update the BIOS.
• Disconnect the MB from the case and try to boot
it outside the case.
• Change capacitors and etc…….
THANKYOU

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