Contents
Experiential Learning
Multiple Intelligence
9 Categories of M. I
Constructivism
What is Experiential Learning?
Experiential Learning is the process of learning by doing.
EXAMPLES:
• Going to the zoo to learn about animals through observation, instead of reading
about them.
• Growing a garden to learn about photosynthesis instead of watching a movie
about it.
• Hoping on a bicycle to try and learn to ride, instead of listening to your parent
explain the concept.
Carl Roger
Carl Roger (2004) the proponent of this theory, believe that all individual have a
natural propensity to learn.
A person interested in becoming rich might seek out books or classes on
ecomomics, investment, great financiers, banking, etc. Such an individual would
perceive (and learn) any information provided on this subject in a much different
fashion than a person who is assigned a reading or class
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John Dewey
John Dewey, posits that school learning should be experential because students
learn from what they experience.
- According to Dewey, powerful educational experiences are a result of two
fundamental principles: continuity and interaction.
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What is Multiple Intelligence?
• The Theory of Multiple Intelligences was first presented in 1983
by Howard Gardner, a psychologist, when he published his book
Frames of Mind.
• He declared that learning occurred through many types of
intelligences, and that people had various levels of each.
• The Multiple Intelligences Theory states that it is to the benefit of
both the student and the instructor if the student’s intelligence can
be identified.
How Can We Align Learning and Teaching
with The Multiple Intellegence Theory??
• Utilize a variety of lecture and lesson formats.
• Offer students the opportunity to work with their peers in addition to independent
work.
• Allow multiple presentation or project options, including a variety of tasks and activities.
• Encourage students to reflect on course assignments using the multiple intelligences.
• Diversify the deliverance of course content; use videos, texts, audio lectures, discussions
and group work to reach students in different ways.
• Promote active learning by encouraging students to interact with the material in some
way: interview an expert, share ideas on social media, or attend a show related to the
topic.
The Nine Categories of Intelligences
Presented by Gardner and Associates
1. Verbal-Linguistic Intelligence
Well-developed verbal skills and sensitivity to the sounds, meanings and rhythms of
words.
2. Mathematical-Logical Intelligence
Ability to think conceptually and abstractly, and capacity to discern logical or numerical
patterns
3. Musical Intelligence
Ability to produce and appreciate rhythm, pitch and timber.
4. Visual-Spatial Intelligence
Capacity to think in images and pictures, to visualize accurately and abstractly
The Nine Categories of Intelligences
Presented by Gardner and Associates
5. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
Ability to control one's body movements and to handle objects skillfully
6. Interpersonal Intelligence
Capacity to detect and respond appropriately to the moods, motivations and desires of others.
7. Intrapersonal Intelligence
Capacity to be self-aware and in tune with inner feelings, values, beliefs and thinking processes.
8. Naturalist Intelligence
Ability to recognize and categorize plants, animals and other objects in nature.
9.Existential Intelligence
Sensitivity and capacity to tackle deep questions about human existence, such as the meaning
of life, why do we die, and how did we get here.
What is Constructivism?
This theory expounds that development and learning occur through constructive
process and that knowledge is constructed from experience.
What is Constructivism?
Constructivist like John Dewey (1938) Jean Piaget (1960), and Lev
Vygotsky (1934) maintain that children learn by actually
constructing meaning fron their simultaneously embedded
experiences. Teaching in a constructivist mode has a slower pace,
uses varied strategies and resource materials, and provides
opportunities for the new creation of new ideas.
