Quality: Productìon

Quality Seed Productìon
Abhishek
20200223
• Procurement of class of improved seed.
• Reporting to Monitoring Agency.
• Seed Production in field.
• Seed Processing.
• Seed Marketing.
•Any part of plant which is used for
further propagation is called seed.
› A seed is a miniature plant supplemented
with reserved food and protected by an outer
covering.
› Ripened ovuIe(female part of flower) is also
called seed.
Classes of improved seed
› Nucleus Seed
› Breeder Seed
› Certified Seed
Procurement of class of improved
seed
• Seed Producing agency or individual must have
access to a class of seed,one step higher than
class of seed that is intended to be produced.
• For example for producing breeder seed,the
producer must have access to nucleus seed.
• Planning for seed production should start few
years before production,at least four years for
strong seed chain production.
Reporting to Monitoring Agency
Following information must provide to
Monitoring Agency.
› Season
• Year
• Field
› Town
• Class of seed
Seed Production in field
It includes:
› Selection of appropriate field
› Sowing a class of improved seed
› Maintenance of recommended isolation distance
› Establishment of appropriate male : female ratio
› Following recommended agronomy
› Roughing off types
› Field inspection
› Harvesting,threshing and storage with care
Selection of appropriate field
• Soil should have good drainage,fertiIity status
and not deficient in micro and macro nutrients.
• Field should be free from weed seeds.
• Passport traits should express.
Sowing a class of improved seed
• For seed production row to row spacing is
kept more so that there is enough space for
movement in field for roughing,inspection
etc.
• For breeder seed every after two row one row is
left fallow so that proper seed formation takes
place.
Maintenance of recommended
isolation distance
Protect seed production plots from other fields of
same crop so that no risk of contamination by
pollen from neigbouring fields occur.
• Spatial isolation
• Temporal isolation
Mechanical Isolation
Isolation distance of different
seed
Wheat Pure Lines 3

Hybrids 100
Rice Pure Lines 3
Hybrids 100
Maize Inbreds 400-600
Hybids 200-300
Establishment of appropriate
male female ratio
• Male : Female ratio is relevant only in case of
hybrid varieties where F1 is result of cross
pollination between two parents.
• Female parent bears the hybrid seed.
• Male : Female ratio is generally kept in favour of
female parent in order to minimize seed cost.
› The male and female ratio is decided on basis of
experimental investigations.
Maize 1:2 , 2:4
Rice 1 :4 , 2: 1
0
Cotto
n 1 :2
Following recommended
agronomy
Agronomic practices starts from sowing of
crop till harvesting,which involves fertilizer
application,irrigation,weed and pest
management.
• Presence of Obnoxious weeds and diseases
reduce physical purity of seed.
• Integrated weed control measures,use of
resistant varieties and seed treatment.
Objectionable weeds and designated
diseases for seed production of some
crop species
Wheat Convolvulus arvensis Loose Smut

Pawar Nil Grain smut
Head smut
Bajra Ni Grain smut
l Green ear
Cowpea Ni Anthracnose
Moong l Halo Blight
Ni
l
• Roughing is the removal of off—type(those
plants that are phenotypically different from
plants of the variety grown as seed crop)
plants from a field.
• Roughing should start before flowering and
continue till maturity.
• Roughing should be done several times
under
supervision of technical experts.
Field inspection
Field inspection refers to the

scrutiny of seed production plots
by a team of qualified persons.
› It is checked that source of seed is
approved or not.
• Male : Female ratio is maintained
or not.
› Roughing is being done or not.
When to make inspection
In general field inspection may be made
during following five stages.
› Pre-flowering.
• Flowering.
• Post-flowering.
› Pre harvest/ Physiological maturity.
• Harvesting.
Seed Processing
• Seed processing means improving the quality of
harvested seed including several operations
starting from harvesting of seed crop till its
marketing through
Cleaning
Grading
›
Packaging
› Labelling
Objectives of Seed Processing
• To improve seed quality through removal of
aduIterants,non seed materiaI,broken seeds.
› To maintain seed viability and vigour.
• To Make seed handling easy.
• To increase real value of seed.
Real value=Purity (fé)xGermination (%)

J 00
Seed Drying
• Reduction in seed moisture content to a safer limit
is called seed drying.
› Its objective is to maintain seed viability and seed
vigour for longer period of time during storage.
• If moisture contents are high, higher chances of
insect pests attack and deteriorate quality of
seed due to higher respiratory activities.
How to Dry Seeds
• Natural Drying .'
Seeds are spread uniformly at neat
and clean place and dry under natural
conditions i.e under sun.
› Artificial Drying
Different artificial driers are used to
dry seeds.
› Bag Driers
› Box Driers
› Bin Driers
› Continuous Flow Tower
Seperation of physical impurities or removal of
non seed material from seed.
Seed trading
Removal of under sized/under weight seeds
from seed lot.Grading is done on the basis of
› Length
• Width
• Thickness
› Density of seed
Seed Treatment
• Seed treatment refers to exposure of seed to
certain chemical or physical agents which are
able to protect them from pests and provide good
health to the seed.
• Infected seeds may fail to germinate.
• Infected seeds lead to Introduction of
pathogens into new areas.
Temperature Treatment
Exposing seeds to such a high temperature
which is able to kill the the pest/ pathogen
associated with seed without damaging seed
viability.
Chemical Treatment
- Seed dressing
- Fumigation
Seed Packaging
(t(
•Seeds are packed in bags of appropriates
quality and size.Choice of packing materiai
depends upon type of crop,amount of seed and
storage conditions.
Packaging materials are of three types.
› Moisture—vapour resistance,e.g polythene.
• Moisture—vapour permeabIe,e.g cIoth,paper
bags
• Moisture—vapour proof,e.g Tin cans.
Seed Labelling
All seed bags must carry printed information
about
› Crop
• Variety
• Class of seed
› Name and address of producer
• Physical purity(%)
• Genetic purity(%)
• Moisture(%)
• Germination(%)
• Date of germination
› Date of test
› Net Content
Major Seed Production units in
India
• Kaveri Seeds
• Mangalam Seeds
• Gentex Seeds H I- T EC H
r— i— r›
• Advanta India Limited

• JK Agri Genetics Limited, etc.

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Quality Seed Productìon

Wheat Pure Lines 3

Maize 1:2 , 2:4

Wheat Convolvulus arvensis Loose Smut

Field inspection refers to the

Real value=Purity (fé)xGermination (%)

• Advanta India Limited

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