Object Oriented Programming (CSC241 )

Introduction to ICT

INTRODUCTION TO
ICT
Lecture#1

COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 Basic Definition of Information Technology (IT)

 Computer Technology & Communications Technology
 Role of IT in Society
 Computing Models
 Turing Model
 Von Neumann Model
 Input Devices
 Keyboard
 Pointing & Touch Devices
 Game Controllers
 Optical Input Devices
 Audio and video input Devices
 Output Devices
 Monitors
 Audio Output
 Printers & Plotters
Tutor::Dr. Fiaz Gul Khan COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus 2
 BASIC DEFINITION OF INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY (IT)

 Definition 1:
 Information technology (IT) is the technology that uses computing with high-speed
communication links to spread information from one place to another.

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 The interconnection of computers enable people to send and receive information

 Communication links are also used to communicate with different people in the
world
 The world has become a global village due to IT
 Information play important role in every field of life
 improve standard of life
 Used for solving different problems
 IT has enabled different type of organizations and institutions to be a part of
digital convergence

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COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY &
COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY

 Information and communications technology (ICT) is an extensional term for

information technology (IT)
 Definition:
 All devices , networking components, applications and system that combined allow
people and organization to interact in the digital world.

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COMPONENT OF ICT

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 ROLE OF IT IN SOCIETY

 IT play an important role in different filed of life:

Education
Finance
Government
Health Care
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Science
Publishing
Travel
Manufacturing
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COMPUTING MODELS

 The idea of a universal computational device was first described by Alan Turing in
1937.
 He proposed that all computation could be performed by a special kind of a
machine, now called a Turing machine.
 He based the model on the actions that people perform when involved in
computation.
 Turing machines are theoretical concepts invented to explore the domain of
computable problems mathematically and to obtain ways of describing these
computations.
 Turing presented a mathematical description of such a machine, he was more
interested in the philosophical definition of computation than in building the actual
machine.
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 TURING MODEL

• The Turing model is a better model for a general-purpose computer.

• This model adds an extra element to the specific computing machine : the program.

Fig 1.1: A single purpose computing machine Fig 1.2: A computer based on the Turing model

• A program is a set of instructions that tells the computer what to do with data.
• A program is a set of instructions written in a computer language.
• The output data depend on the combination of two factors: the input data and the
program.
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Fig 1.3: The same program, different data

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Fig 1.4:The same data, different programs

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 A universal Turing machine, a machine that can do any computation if the

appropriate program is provided, was the first description of a modern computer.
 We need only provide the data and the program—the description of how to do the
computation—to either machine.
 In fact, a universal Turing machine is capable of computing anything that is
computable.

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VON-NEUMANN MODELS

 Early computers (e.g. ENIAC) ran fixed programs; creating a new program for the
computer required rewiring the machine.
 John von Neumann had the idea of storing the program inside the memory of the
computer.
 Computers built on the Turing universal machine store data in their memory.
 Von-Neumann Architecture is one of the two most
Computer Architecture Models which are used so common in the present-day IT
field in computer systems.
 Around 1944–1945, John von Neumann proposed that, since program and data are
logically the same, programs should also be stored in the memory of a computer.
Fig 1: Von-Neumann Architecture COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus 14
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Fig 1.5: The Von Neuman model

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 Von-Neumann Architecture is otherwise called as Von-Neumann model or

Princeton architecture and sometime even called as shared program model
 Properties of Von-Neumann Architecture
1. The stored program concept:
 The von Neumann model states that the program must be stored in memory.
 The memory of modern computers hosts both a program and its corresponding data.
 They are stored as binary patterns (a sequence of 0s and 1s) in memory.

2. Sequential execution of instructions

 A program is made of a finite number of instructions.
 They are executed sequentially.

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A WORLD OF COMPUTERS

 Computers are everywhere

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 WHAT IS A COMPUTER?

 A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions

stored in its own memory that can accept data, process the data according to
specified rules, produce results, and store the results for future use.

Collects data Produces

Processing information
(input) (output)

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DATA AND INFORMATION

 Data is a collection of unprocessed items, which can include text, numbers,

images, audio, and video.
 Information conveys meaning and is useful to people.

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WHAT IS COMPUTER?

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THE COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER

 A computer contains many electric, electronic, and mechanical

components known as hardware
Input Device • Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer

• Hardware component that conveys information to one or more

Output Device people

• Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that

System Unit are used to process data

• Records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from storage

Storage Device media

Communications • Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and

Device information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices

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CONT…

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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
OF USING COMPUTERS
 Advantages of  Disadvantages of
Using Computers Using Computers

Speed Health Risks

Reliability Violation of Privacy

Consistency Public Safety

Storage Impact on Labor Force

Communications Impact on Environment

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TYPES OF COMPUTERS

Analog

Digital

Hybrid
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 CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS
• Computers are classified on the basis of size, speed, processing power and price

Personal computers

Mobile computers and mobile devices

Workstation

Mini Computers

Mainframes

Supercomputers

Embedded computers

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PERSONAL COMPUTERS/MICRO
COMPUTERS
 Personal Computers are used by individuals (Single user computer)
 Consists of processor, memory, one or more I/O devices, storage devices and
communication devices
 Commonly used personal computers are:
 PCs (compatible with Windows)and Apple(compatible with Mac OS)

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 Major types of personal computers are :

1. Desktop computer
2. Portable computer
 Desktop computers :
 The most common type of personal computer
 Designed in a way all its components fits on the desk or table
 Performs a variety of tasks
 Portable computer
 Mobile personal computer that can be carried from one place to other
 Has I/O, storage and processing components integrated in a single unit
 Can receive power from a battery
 Types of portable computers are: Laptop, Ultrabook , Tablets etc
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MOBILE DEVICES AND MOBILE
COMPUTERS
 Mobile Devices
 Designed to hold in the hand
 Small screen
 Data are permanently stored on a special memory or on small storage media such as smart
card
 Always powered by rechargeable battery system
 Types of mobile devices : Smartphone

• Mobile Computers, Handheld computers, palm computer

 Personal computer you can carry from place to place
 Very small computers
 Personal Digital Assistants (PDA)
 Note taking or contact management
 Data can synchronize with a desktop
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WORKSTATION

 Workstation is a computer used for engineering applications (CAD/CAM), desktop

publishing, software development, and other such types of applications which require a
moderate amount of computing power and relatively high quality graphics capabilities.
 Workstations generally come with a large, high-resolution graphics screen, large
amount of RAM, inbuilt network support, and a graphical user interface.
 Most workstations also have a mass storage device such as a disk drive, but a special
type of workstation, called a diskless workstation, comes without a disk drive.
 Common operating systems for workstations are UNIX and Windows NT. Like
 PC, Workstations are also single-user computers.
 However, workstations are typically linked together to form a local-area network,
although they can also be used as stand-alone systems.

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MINICOMPUTER

 It is a midsize computer.
 A minicomputer is a multi-processing system capable of supporting from up to
250 users simultaneously (multi-user computer)

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 Called midrange computers

 Power between mainframe and desktop
 Used in smaller organizations
 Users access through a terminal
 Example
 HP300
 Prime 9955

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MAINFRAMES

 Called enterprise server of high-ended server

 Large in term of price, power and speed
 Consists of multiprocessor
 performed multiple tasks
 Used in large organizations
 Handle thousands of users simultaneously (Multi-User Computer)
 Users access through a terminal
 Large and powerful systems
 Example • IBM S-390 • IBM System Z10 •
 Uses
 Used in large organization such as bank, educational institute and government department e.g NADRA,
flight schedules, ticket reservation system etc
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SUPERCOMPUTER

 The most powerful computers

 Multi-user computer
 Handle large and complex calculations
 Process trillions of operations per second
 Found in research organizations
 Example
 Blue Gene
 Deep Blue
 Uses
 Used for weather predictions and atomic research etc. Also used in business and industry
field
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EMBEDDED COMPUTERS
 Designed for special purpose
 Function as a component in a larger product ▫
 Small and limited hardware
 Example
 Home Devices: security monitoring, microwave ovens etc
 Electronics: DVD players, mobile etc
Consumer Electronics Home Automation Devices Automobiles Process Controllers and Computer Devices and
Robotics Office Machines
• Mobile and digital • Thermostats • Antilock brakes • Keyboards
• Remote monitoring
telephones • Sprinkling systems • Engine control modules • Printers
systems
• Digital televisions • Security monitoring • Airbag controller • Power monitors • Faxes
• Cameras systems • Cruise control • Machine controllers • Copiers
• Video recorders • Appliances
• Medical devices
• DVD players and recorders • Lights
• Answering machines

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CONT…

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COMPUTER COMPONENTS: INPUT
DEVICES
 Computer Input Devices:
 Keyboard
 Pointing & Touch Devices
 Mouse, Trackball, Touch Pad, Pointing Stick, Touch Screen, Input pen
 Game Controllers
 Joy Stick, Gamepad
 Optical Input Devices
 Scanners , Barcode, MICR, OMR, OCR, Barcode Reader
 Audio Visual Devices
 Data Projectors, Microphones, Speakers
 Audio Input , Voice Input ,Digital Camera , Webcam ,
 Sensor Input Devices
 Human Biology Input Devices
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INPUT DEVICES

 The data and instructions given to the

computer is known as input
 A hardware component used to enter
data and instructions into computer is
called input device
 The data is entered into the computer
in different ways using different input
devices
 Commonly used input devices are:
keyboard, pointing devices, touch
screen etc

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KEYBOARD

 Most commonly used input device

 Data is mostly entered using keyboard
 Buttons on the keyboard are called keys
 The arrangement of keys on the keyboard is called keyboard layout
 Most popular keyboard layout is QWERTY
 The letters Q,W,E,R,T and Y appears on the top row of the main area of a keyboard
 The keys on the keyboard are often classified as follows:
 Numeric keypad: located on the right hand side of the keyboard
 Has arithmetic operators keys +,-,/ ,*
 Used in arithmetic operations
 Digits from 0 to 9
 Also has Num Lock
 When NumLk key is off, the keyboard cannot be used to type number

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 Function Keys:
 F1 to F12 are located at the top of the board
 Used to perform special function
 Example: F1 key is used to get help in window
 Alphanumeric Keys: include all letters in alphabet (A-Z) and digits from 0-9
 Backspace Key: used to delete single letter to the left of the curser
 Enter Key: used to enter commands or input data in the computer
 Caps Lock Keys: CapLock is a toggle key
 The character appear in uppercase if it is pressed
 If not pressed character appears in lower case
 Numbers and symbols are not affected
 Status light under CapLock turns on when it is pressed
 Tab Key: used to move the curser to the next tab stop
 Also used in dialog box to move from one option or field to another
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 Modifier Keys: used to modify the input of the other keys

 A specific key is pressed while holding down one of these keys to get the required result
 Different modifier keys are follows:
1. Ctrl Key: Ctrl key produce different results depending on the type of software
 Used in combination with other keys as shortcuts to some command
 Example: Ctrl+O is used to open a file
2. Alt Key: ALT key is used on combination with other keys to perform special functions
 In window-based programs, used to navigate menus and dialog boxes.
 Example: Alt+F4 is used to close a file
3. Shift Key: SHIFT key is used to type capital letter or symbols
 Curser Control Keys: consist of arrows keys, Home, End, Page Up, Page Down keys
 Used to move the curser within in the text or around the secrn

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 Different cursor control keys are as follows:

1. Home: Home key is used in word processing to move cursor to the top of the
screen
2. End: End key is normally used in word processing to move the cursor to the
right of the screen or to the end of screen or document
3. Arrows: The keys that move the cursor are called arrow keys.
 These keys have an up arrow, down arrow, a left arrow and right arrow

4. PageUp: used to move the cursor one page up on screen

5. PageDown: used to move the cursor one page down on screen

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 Special-Purpose Keys: These keys are used for special purpose and are as follows:
1. Esc: Used to terminate command or current task
2. Delete: used to delete a single letter to the right of the curser on the screen. Used to
delete the selected object
3. Insert: It is a toggle key used to switch between Insert Mode and Overtype Mode
4. Print Screen: Used to capture everything that appears on the screen
 Scroll Lock: It lock or unlocks the cursor on screen in some programs
 Pause/Break: pause screen when information is too fast to read

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TYPES OF KEYBOARD

 Different types of Keyboard are as follows: 

1. Standard Keyboard: A standard keyboard is normally called QWERTY keyboard
because the first six keys on the top row of letters on these keyboards are
Q,W,E,R,T,Y 
2. Wireless Keyboard: Keyboard that require no wire.
 It is also called as cordless keyboard.
 It is using radio signals range up to 100 feet

3. Portable Keyboard: A Keyboard that can easily attached or removed from a

handheld computer
4. Ergonomic Keyboard: a keyboard is specially designed to reduce the chance of
write injuries during typing.
• Main goal of this keyboard is to provide comfort, efficiency and safety
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ERGONOMIC KEYBOARD

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 Gaming Keyboard :Keyboard that is specially designed for playing games on the
computer.

 Virtual Keyboard: Special keyboard. User types on optical-detectable surface or

within the wireless area rather than pressing physical keys.

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CONT…

 Keyboard Layouts
 QWERTY : Common layout
 QWERTZ :Used in Germany, Hungary and Czech Republic
 AZERTY :It is used by most French speakers based in Europe
 DVORAK :Alternative for QWERTY
 Dvorak layout uses less finger motion, increases typing rate, and reduces errors compared to
the standard QWERTY

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POINTING & TOUCH DEVICES

 A device with which you can control the movement of the pointer to select items
on a display screen.
 A pointer is a small symbol that appear on the screen in GUI
 Types of pointing device:
 Based on rolling a ball
 Based on touching a surface
 Based on moving stick

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 Based on rolling a ball

 Example:
 Mouse
 Trackball

 Mouse: Mouse is a pointing device

 Used to input instructions with a pointer on the screen
 Mouse is moved on a flat surface to control the movement of the cursor
 Normally has two buttons
 These buttons are used to perform different tasks
 i.e. opening a program, selection of objects
 It may also include wheel
 Rolled with the figures to scroll the screen
 Connected with the computer through USB port or Wireless connection
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 Type of mouse
1. Machine Mouse/Wheel mouse: : Has a rubber or metal ball on its underside that can roll in
all directions.
 Curser movement depends on the movement of the ball
 Mouse is normally used on mouse pad
 Mouse pad is a small pad of rubber or foam to provide easy movement of the mouse
 Protect mouse from dust and dirt
2. Optical Mouse/ Laser Mouse:
 No ball
 Emit light to detect the mouse movement
 Optical laser or sensors are used

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3. Wireless / Cordless Mouse:

 Does not require wire to work
 Transmit data using wireless technology like radio waves of infrared light waves

4. Air Mouse:
 Motion-sensing mouse
 Control media player, objects and slide shows by moving the mouse in a specific direction
through air
 no need of surface
 Example: user can raise up to increase the volume of media player

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5. Touch Mouse:
 Touch-sensitive mouse
 Recognize touch gestures
 Detect clicks scroll movement etc

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TRACKBALL

 Alternative to mouse
 Buttons similar to mouse
 Large rotating ball on the top
 Body of the trackball is not moves
 Ball is rolled with fingers
 Courser movement is controlled by rotating ball
 Advantage: take less space as compared to mouse

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POINTING DEVICE

 Based on touching a surface

 Example:
 Touchpad
 Touch screen
 Pen Input
 Light pen
 Stylus

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TOUCHPAD/TRACKPAD

 Small, flat surface over which user moves his fingers

 Touchpad also has one or more buttons near it
 Buttons work like mouse buttons
 Commonly used with notebook computers

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TOUCH SCREEN

 A touchscreen is an electronic visual display that can detect the presence and
location of a touch within the display area/Touch-sensitive display input device
 User touch different parts of the screen with fingers or stylus to input data
 Used in tablets, mobile device, ATM etc
 Laptops also have touch screen
 No need for external output device

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PEN INPUT

 Mobile users usually input data using a device like pen

 User can draw and write on flat surface
 Devices used are pen input are:
 Stylus
 Digital pen/ Light pen
 Stylus:
 Made of plastic or metal
 Input is given with pressure
 Thinner because no internal electronics
 Need only screen
 Touch screen
 Used in many smart phones
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 Digital Pen:
 More functionality than a stylus
 Pressure sensitive
 Require special paper
 No work on touch screen
 Used in TabletPC

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BASED ON MOVING STICKS

 Example:
 Joystick
 Gamepad
 Joy Stick
 Consist of base and a stick
 Stick moved in any direction
 To move the object around the computer screen
 Perform similar functions to a mouse or trackball
 Less comfortable and efficient
 Used for playing computer games

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GAMEPAD/GAME CONTROLLERS

 A gamepad, also sometimes called joypad

 Refers to an input device used for gaming purposes.
 It is a video game controller that can be held with
both hands and has multiple buttons on it to be pressed
by the thumbs.
 Gamepads were first introduced with gaming console
systems as a peripheral device to connect the user with
the system.
 A gamepad is also known as a joypad.

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OPTICAL INPUT DEVICES

 Optical input devices allow computers to use light as a source of input.

 Scanner is an example of optical input device.
 Other common optical input devices are magnetic ink character reader used for
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)
 Optical mark reader used for Optical Mark Recognition (OMR),
 Optical character reader for Optical Character Recognition (OCR)
 Barcode Reader.

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SCANNERS

 Scanner is also known as optical scanner

 Light-sensitive input
 Read printed text, graphics and translate it in digital form
 Scanned image can be used for different purposes as follows:
 Displayed on screen
 Printed on the paper
 Sent through email
 Posted on web page
 Can be stored permanently for later us
 Quality of scanned image depends on the resolution
 Measured in dpi (dots per inch)
 Typically scanners scans at a resolution of 300 to 600 dpi
 Types of scanners
 Different types of optical scanners are:
1. Flatbed Scanner 2. Sheetfed Scanner 3. Handheld Scanners

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 Magnetic Ink Character Reader:

 MICR is used in banks to process large volumes of cheques.
 It is used for recognizing the magnetic encoding numbers printed at the bottom of a
cheque.
 Optical mark reader:
 OMR is used to detect marks on a paper.
 OMR uses an optical mark reader to read the marks.
 The OMR reader scans the forms, detects the mark that is positioned correctly on the
paper and is darker than the surrounding paper, and passes this information to the
computer for processing by application software.
 For this, it uses a beam of light that is reflected on the paper with marks, to capture
presence and absence of marks. OMR is widely used to read answers of objective type
tests
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 Barcode Reader
 It is also called as Barcode Scanner
 Use laser beam to read bar code and translate them into digital signals
 Digital signals are further processed by the computer
 Barcode consist of vertical lines and shape of different width
 The bar code represent data that are identified the manufacturer and the item
 Used in shop and glossary stores

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 Optical Character Recognition (OCR)

 OCR is a technique for the scanning of a printed page,
 translating it,
 and then using the OCR software to recognize the image as ASCII text that is editable.
 OCR uses optical character reader for recognition

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AUDIO AND VIDEO INPUT DEVICES

 Audio Input Devices:

 Process of entering any sound into the computer is called audio input
 It may include speech, music, or any other sound effect
 Audio van be entered through different devices such as microphone, tape player,
CD/DVD players or radio
 Voice Input Device:
 The process of entering data by speaking into microphone attached to the computer is
called voice input
 Microphone is attached to the computer with the help of sound card
 Faster way of entering data
 Many word processing applications provide the facility of voice input
 User speaks into the microphone an the application software write the spoken words

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 Microphone
 A microphone is a hardware peripheral that allows computer users to input audio into
their computers.
• MIDI Keyboard
• A MIDI (Musical Instruments Digital Interface) keyboard is typically a
piano-style user interface keyboard device used for sending MIDI
signals to a computer.
• MIDI information is sent to a computer that capable of reproducing an
array of digital sounds or samples that resemble traditional analog
musical instruments.

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VIDEO INPUT DEVICES

 Used to digitize images or video from the outside world into the computer.
 Example: – Digital camera – Webcam – Optical scanner– Fingerprint scanner –
Barcode reader
 Digital Camera:
 Input device, take pictures and store them as a digital image
 It store captured image on storage in the camera or some type of memory cards
 Quality of digital camera depends on its resolution
 Resolution describe the sharpness of an image
 Resolution is measures in megapixels

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 Webcam:
 Webcam is also called as PC video camera
 Used for following purposes
 Capture video or still image
 Send email and video attachment
 Make video telephone call
 Normally placed on the top of the monitor
 Most computers have built-in webcam

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SENSOR INPUT DEVICES

 Input device that input data directly from the environment and store it in
computer
 Used to detect speed, movement, pressure, temperature, wind etc
 Can be used to sense the weather conditions and earthquakes

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HUMAN BIOLOGY INPUT DEVICES

 Biometric is a technology to authenticate the identity of a person by verifying

personal characteristic
 Biometric device convert personal characteristic in digital code
 This digital code is compared with a digital code stored in the computer
 User access is not granted if both code do not match

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Some of the important biometric devices are:

1. A fingerprints reader is most widely used biometric device. It scans the curve and identifications of a
fingerprints
2. A facial recognition system capture the live face image of a person. It compares this image with
another image stored in the computer
3. The hand geometry system is used to measure the shape and size of hand
4. A voice verification system compare the voice of the person with the stored voice
5. A Signature verification system identifies the shape of handwritten signature. Its also measure the
pressure and motion used to write the signature
6. An iris recognition system read the pattern in the iris of an eye. These patterns are unique in the aye
7. Line-of-sight system are used to use your ayes to point at the screen. This technology allows some
physically disable users to direct a computer. For example, a disable person can focus his eyes on
specific area of the screen to issue a command to the computer. Camera is used to identify the area on
which the user is focusing
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OUTPUT DEVICES

 An output device is an electromechanical device that receives information from

the computer and translates them in suitable form for the users.
 Output Device can be broadly classified into following categories:
1. Hard Copy Devices
 Printers
 Plotters

2. Soft Copy Devices

 Monitors
 Audio Output
 Video Output

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PRINTERS

 Printer is a output device

 Printers prints characters, symbols and graphics on paper
 The printed output is called hard copy
 Print resolution is commonly measured in dot per inch (dpi)
 Printer speed measured by page per minute (ppm) or character per second (cps)
 The quality of printed images and text depends on printer’s resolution
 Printers are classified into two categories:
1. impact printer
2. non-impact printer.

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IMPACT PRINTER

 Works like a typewriter

 The impact printers print the characters by striking them on the ribbon which is
then pressed on the paper
 Impact printer are the oldest print technologies, which are still produced
 Impact printers can print a character or an entire line at a time.
 Are used where low-cost printing is required
 Dot matrix printers, daisy wheel printers and Drum/Line printers are examples of
impact printers.

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DOT MATRIX PRINTERS

 Dot Matrix Printers:

 Dot Matrix Printers print one character at a time.
 It produces printed images when tiny pins on a print head strike
an inked ribbon
 When the ribbon presses against the paper, it creates dots that
form characters and graphics
 Dot matrix printers can print alphanumeric characters, special
characters, charts and graphs.
 They can print only in black and white.
 Dot matrix printers are commonly used for printing in
applications like payroll and accounting.

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DRUM PRINTER

 Drum Printers are line printers

 Fast impact printer
 It prints an entire line at a time
 It speed is measured in line per minute (lpm)
 Many line printers can print 3000 lines per minut

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DAISY WHEEL PRINTER

 Is similar to a typewriter
 It uses a print wheel
 Print wheel is called daisy wheel.
 Each petal of daisy wheel contains a character
 A hammer strikes a petal against the ribbon when the desired character reaches
the position on the paper
 It slower than dot matrix but better in quality

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NON IMPACT PRINTERS

 Prints character and graphics on paper without striking paper

 The character are printed on paper with different means such as laser
 Some printers use spray ink while others use heat and pressure to create image
 Faster than impact printers
 More costly than impact printers
 They produce no noise during printing
 Print quality is better than non impact printers
 Types of non impact printers are:
 Laser printers
 Inkjet printers
 Thermal printers
 Photo printers
 Portable printer
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 CONT…

 Laser printer:
 Laser stand for LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY SIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION
 Its working s similar to a photocopy machine
 It uses laser beams to burn special powder on the page to create a permanent image
 The powder is contain in the toner
 Print complete page at a time
 Laser printers process and store the entire page before printing
and are also known as page printers.
 Print text and graphics in high quality
 Printing speed for home and small office is 45 pagers per minute
(ppm), and for large business 150 ppm and more
 Their resolution ranges from 400 to 1200 dpi.
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CONT…

 Inkjet printer:
 It print character and graphics by spraying tiny drops of liquid ink on paper
 Produced quality text and graphics in both black-&-white and color
 Price of inkjet printer is less than laser printer
 They are slower than laser printer
 Print 10 to 35 pages per minute
 Their resolution is more than 500 dpi.

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CONT…

 Thermal printer:
 Produces output by melting wax-based in onto paper
 Not very expensive
 Quality is not very high
 It is typically used to print ATMs receipts, electronic tickets etc
 Some thermal printers are expensive and the quality of these printers are good, and are
used in photography studios and medical labs etc

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CONT…

 Photo printers:
 Is a colour printer designed to print high quality photographs
 Also called snapshot printer
 Some photo printer have a built in card slot
 The printer can print digital photo directly from a media card
 Some photo printers also have built-in LCD colour screen
 The user can view image before printing

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 CONT…

 Portable printer:
 Small
 Light-weight
 Battery-powered
 It can be used by mobile user to print from notebook computer, tablet or smartphone
while travelling  Some printer have built-in wireless port to communicate with
computer
 Some have USB port

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PLOTTER

 Produce image quality graphics in a variety of colors

 Are used to create maps, architectural drawing, graphics and charts
 Works by drawing lines on paper using pens held in a mechanical arm
 Plotter is a slow output device and is expensive.
 Plotters are of two kinds—drum plotter and flatbed plotter.

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CONT…

 Flatbed plotter:
 Used to plot or draw images
 Contain pens for drawing
 The paper is placed on table-like surface
 Software instruct the pens to move down on the paper
 The pen then moves on the paper for creating image
 Drum printer:
 Uses a rotating drum or cylinder
 The desired pens are mounted on the drum
 The pens moved to the left and right as the drum rotate
 The movement create the desired image
 The length of the plot is almost is unlimited
 Width of the image depends on width of drum
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SOFT COPY OUTPUT DEVICES

 Following are the softcopy output devices:

 Monitors
 Audio Output
 Video Output
 Monitors
 Monitor is a common output device.
 The monitor is provided along with the computer, to view the displayed output.
 A monitor is of two kinds - monochrome display monitor and color display monitor.
 A monochrome display monitor uses only one color to display text and color display
monitor can display 256 colors at one time.
 An image on the monitor is created by a configuration of dots, also known as pixels.

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CONT…

 The clarity of image on the computer screen depends on three factors

 Resolution of Screen :The number of pixels in horizontal and vertical direction.
 Dot Pitch: The number of pixels in horizontal and vertical direction.
 Refresh Rate : The number of times per second the pixels are recharged so that their glow
remains bright.
 Two basic types of monitors used today are cathode-ray-tube (CRT) and LCD (Liquid
Crystal Display) .flat-panel.
1. Cathode-Ray Tube CRT Monitor :
 The CRT display is made up of small picture elements called pixels.
 The smaller the pixels, the better the image clarity, or resolution
 Large in Size
 High power consumption

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CONT…

2. Flat-Panel Display Monitor

 The flat-panel display refers to a class of video devices that have reduced volume,
weight and
 power requirement in comparison to the CRT You can hang them on walls
 Current uses of flat-panel displays include calculators, video games, monitors, laptop
computer, graphics display
 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), LED and Plasma are types of flat panel display which
uses liquid crystals in its primary form of operation.

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AUDIO OUTPUT DEVICES

 A complete sound system consists of sound card, microphone, speaker and the
appropriate software.
 Audio response provides audio output from the computer.
 Audio output device like speakers, headset or headphone is used for audio output
sound from computer.
 Speakers:
 Is the most common device of audio output device
 It connect to the sound card in the system and provide audio output for
computer
 Wireless speaker also available to play audio

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CONT…

 Headphones & headset:

 Headphones can be used to instead to speakers, so that other people are not disturbed
 Headphones are placed outside the ear
 Headset is a headphone with a built-in microphone
 It is often used when making telephone calls
 Wireless headset commonly used with mobile phone

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VIDEO OUTPUT DEVICES

 Typical examples of video output devices are monitors and projectors (video)
 Data projector:
 Data projector is an output device
 Project the output of the computer screen onto a large screen
 The output projected by the data projector can be viewed by a number of peoples very
clearly
 Used in classes to deliver lectures to many students
 Type of data projects
 LCD projector
 DLP projector

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CONT…

 LCD projector:
 Stands for liquid crystal display
 Attached directly to computer
 Uses its own light source to display information shown on the computer screen
 DLP Projector:
 Stands for digital light processing
 Use tiny mirrors to reflect light
 Produce brighter and sharper image than LCD

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THANKS

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