CYBORGS

What are Cyborgs

The term ‘cyborg’ arose as a short

form of ‘cybernetic organism,’ which
is an entity made up of both
biological and technical elements.
 BRIEF HISTORY OF CYBORGS
The history of cyborg technology dates back to 1960. Two NASA scientists named
Nathan Kline and Manfred Clynes were the first to coin the term cyborg. Their vision
is to enhance mankind survival in an extraterrestrial environment. The world’s first
international organization was launched in 2010 as Cyborg Foundation in order to
help humans change over to cyborgs. In the year 1908, Jean de La Hire announced the
novel L’Homme qui peut vivre dans l’eau (the man who can live in the water).
 A BRIEF OUTLOOK
 Cyborgs are machine that has inner metallic
endoskeleton and outer living tissue. A cyborg is a
human being who is physically in connection with
the technology. Neil Harbisson is a blind artist who
visualizes the world by means of an electronic
implant in his head. This technology increases the
strength and sensation which enables people to
overcome disability. Cyborg technology helps in
replacement of missing limbs, injured organs, and
decreased sense.
 CYBORGS FOUNDATION
"We are
the first generation
ABLE TO decide
what organs and senses WE WANT to have"
Cyborg foundation was created in 2010 by cyborg artists Neil harbisson
and moon ribas in order to help humans become cyborgs, defend the
rights of cyborgs and promote cyborg art.​First housed in tecnocampus,
Mataro, after winning the cre@tic award by tecnocampus; cyborg
foundation moved soon after to barcelona and then to new York
in 2014.Cyborg foundation's latest project is an association called
transpecies society, based in barcelona and ​founded by artists Neil
harbisson, moon ribas and manel Muñoz. The association was created in
2017 in order to give voice to people with non-human identities, defend
the right to self-design and offer the creation of new senses and organs
in community.​
 Operational and architectural features
 Silicon chip is implanted into any part of the body especially the region where most of the nerves are interconnected, and
send and receive the electronic impulses. This silicon chip is designed in such a way that it can receive the nerve
signals, amplify them and encode the signal into digital format by which proper computer accessibility is provided.
Since no wires are preferred to interconnect the cyborg and computer a wireless communication path is preferred.
This implant is encased in a glass tube. One contains the power supply, a copper coil energized by respect to the
signals from the “Cyborg”. Radio waves to produce an electric current. In the other end, three mini printed circuit
boards will transmit and receive signals. The implant is connected to the body through a band that wraps around the
nerve fibers and is linked by a very thin wire to the glass capsule. The chips in the implant will receive signals from
the nerve fibers and send them to a computer instantaneously. For example, when a finger is moved, an electronic
signal travels from the brain to activate the muscles and tendons that operate the hand. These Nerve impulses will
still reach the finger. The signal from the implant will be analog, so it is to be converted into digital in order to store it
in the computer. Still, several studies on work, organizational culture, computerized information systems (CIS),
networks, and human-machine dyads (such as the "symbolic value of the CIS" or the "organizational symbolism" of
computer Culture) indicate the desire to explore, interpret and reveal more the efficiency of cyborgs and their supposed
capability to undo the "problems" of late industrial society
 TYPES OF CYBORGS

 Convenient Cyborg
This type is used as per the human conveniences for their fancy needed.
Here human can alter their body parts according to their wish by
provision of exoskeleton.
 Conditional Cyborg
This aims at the replacement of any designed or injured body parts with
bionic implants that revert back to the normal functional life of human
being.
 CYBORGS LIVING EXAMPLES
 Dr. Kevin Warwick
He has been known as “Captain Cyborg” and teaches at the
University of Reading as a cybernetics professor. Warwick has
experimented with different electronic implants since 1998 such
as installing a microchip in his arm which lets him operate lights,
heaters or computers remotely. As dedicated as he is, Warwick
also gave an implant to his wife, so that when someone grasped
her hand the man was able to experience the same sensation in
his. It is jaw-dropping and awkwardly scary at the same time.
Jesse Sullivan
Sullivan worked as an electrical linesman when in
May 2001, he suffered a life-threatening accident. He
was electrocuted so severely that both of his arms
needed to be amputated. This, however, led to him to
become the world’s first “Bionic Man”. The
Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago offered him to
replace his arms with robotic prosthetics, which
opportunity he gladly took. He was fitted with a
bionic limb connected through a nerve-muscle
grafting. He has control over his limb with his mind.
Jerry Jalava
The Finnish programmer had a terrible
motorcycle accident when he lost his left
ring finger. Right after it happened, he
lit a cigarette when he realized that he
misses the upper half of his finger. Then
he decided against a traditional
prosthesis and rather went for something
“useful”: a 2GB USB port was
embedded into his prosthetic. It doesn’t
upload any information directly into his
brain though. He is the perfect example
of how you don’t need to be a robotics
mastermind to become a cyborg…
 CYBORGS vs ROBOTS
 Robots and cyborgs seem like the stuff of science fiction and to some degree they are. But
what most people do not know is that cyborgs and robots do exist just not in the form that
they depict in the movies. The main difference between a cyborg and a robot is the presence
of life. A robot is basically a machine that is very advanced In comparison, cyborgs are a
combination of a living organism and a machine. It doesn’t necessarily have to be human; it
can be a dog, a bird, or any other living thing. living component is what separates a cyborg
from a robot. This basically means that a cyborg is alive while a robot isn't. A robot is only
capable of doing what it was programmed to do while a cyborg, especially human cyborgs,
exercise free will on their activities.
There are a number of good examples for robots. Among them are the robots working in
factories that do the repetitive tasks. These robots are better than humans at these tasks as
they are very quick and do not get tired. Cyborgs also walk among us, though you may think
of them as ordinary people. There are simple robotic kits made available to young children
to spark their curiosity and show them the basic principles behind robotics. In comparison,
the machine part of a cyborg is often very complex as it interfaces with the organic part in
order to function. Some prosthetic arms can function pretty much like a real limb.
 Advantages of Cyborgs
There are many advantages of mixing organic with mechanical parts. The main
advantage is to that of health. Many humans can now be classed as cyborgs because of
surgical procedures for example a person with a pacemaker can be classed as a Cyborg
because they are dependent on the mechanical part. Many improvements have been
made within the medical field for humans to be classed as cyborgs. Many parts of the
body can be replaced:
• Hip replacement
• knees
• Elbows
• Wrists
• Arteries
• Veins
• Heart valves
There are also brain implants based on neuromorphic modelling (this is the reverse
engineering of the brain and nervous system)
A deaf man has had his inner ear replaced so he can now engage in telephone
conversation. (this in time will be upgraded so that he can hear music)
 Disadvantages of Cyborgs
There are also many disadvantages of mixing organic
with mechanical parts. Below are some cons of
cybernetic organisms.
• Robots can sense the world in ways that human’s
cannot-ultraviolet, x-rays, infrared and ultra sonic
perception. So basically there is more dependence on
cyber technology.
• They out perform humans intellectually in aspects of
memory and mathematical processing .
• Cyborg have no problem thinking of the world around
them in wider dimensions (multiple) where as human
beings are more restricted in that sense.
• Cyborgs have physical limitations. Cyborgs do not
heal
Body damage normally, but instead must be repaired.
For example, broken limbs and damaged armour plating
must be replaced which can be expensive and time
consuming.
CYBORG MOVIES
Cyborgs have been a fascination
for authors, series-, and film-
makers for decades. The 5 most
interesting movies on cyborg are:
•Robocop
•Repo Men
•Hardcore Henry
•Justice League
•Alita: Battle Angle
 Future of cyborgs
Cyborgs are gradually working their way into our
lives. The general representation of a cyborg is that
seen in science fiction films of a fusion between
human and machine. It's clear that the concept of
cyborgs is no longer just science fiction. With
advancements in prosthetics, brain-computer
interfaces, and genetic engineering, we're closer
than ever to a future where cyborgs are a reality.
As with any new technology, ethical considerations
must be taken into account, but the potential
benefits are undeniable. Ultimately, only time will
tell if we will live in the future as cyborgs.
PRESENTED BY:
ZAIB SHEHZAD
REGISTRATION NO.
1857-FSS/BSIR/S23

CLASS BSIR-2A
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Thank you