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Types of IS

The document discusses different types of information systems including transaction processing systems, process control systems, enterprise collaboration systems, management information systems, decision support systems, executive information systems, and knowledge based systems. It also covers the software development life cycle and different phases like requirement gathering and analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance.

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pranjal srivastav
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10 views20 pages

Types of IS

The document discusses different types of information systems including transaction processing systems, process control systems, enterprise collaboration systems, management information systems, decision support systems, executive information systems, and knowledge based systems. It also covers the software development life cycle and different phases like requirement gathering and analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance.

Uploaded by

pranjal srivastav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types of Information Systems

Transaction Processing System (TPS)


• Transaction processing systems are information system
applications that capture and process data about (or for) business
transactions. They are sometimes called data processing systems.
• Processing a transaction can be done in two ways:
Batch Processing: For example, a payroll TPS gathers employees’
hours for two weeks and then processes all the hours in one batch
to calculate paycheck amounts.
Real time processing: Cash receipts, card payments
Examples:
– ATM Machine System – Banking Transactions
– Cash Register System – Point of Sale Transactions
– Accounting System – Checking Account Transactions
Process Control Systems (PCS)
• Supports Operations in an organization
• Monitor and Control Industrial/Manufacturing Process
• Helps in making day to day decisions and controlling
operational processes.
• Examples:
• Warnings for leakage, water level etc.
– Petroleum Refining
– Power Generation
– Automobile Manufacturing
Enterprise Collaboration Systems (ECS)
• Supports Operations by sharing information among
employees.
• Proper flow of info helps in increasing the productivity of an
organization.
• Teamwork, communication, and collaboration
• Examples:
– E-mail
– Chat
– Video Conferencing
– Calendaring
– Workflow
– File Sharing
Management Information System (MIS)
• A management information system (MIS) is an information
system application that provides for management-oriented
reporting, usually in a predetermined, fixed format.
• Management Information Systems supplement transaction
processing systems with management reports required to plan,
monitor, and control business operations.
• Supports Management
• Analysis & Reporting
• Charts, Graphs, Summary Tools
Decision Support System (DSS)
• Supports managerial decision making.
• Decision Support Systems are concerned with providing
useful information to support the decision process.
• Gathering relevant information and analyze the options and
alternatives.
• A decision support system (DSS) is an information system

application that provides its users with decision-oriented


information whenever a decision making situation arises.
• A DSS is designed to support semi-structured and unstructured

decisions.
• Most DSS’s are custom developed for specific companies;
very few out-of-the-box products.
Executive Information Systems (EIS)
• Provides critical info from other systems (MIS and DSS).
• Portal Concept: one place with links to all information
• EIS’s integrate external information such as economic
developments and news about related markets and
competitors. Helps strategic decision making, not necessarily
tactical.
– Tactical – doing things the right way right
– Strategic – doing the right things
For e.g New series of product launch based on five
year sales of same brand.
Knowledge Based Systems
• Provides info to users in different business areas when
required.
• Two types: Expert System and Knowledge Management
System (KMS)
• Expert System - Provides adequate knowledge and expert
advice for making various managerial decisions. It has two
components i) Knowledge base and ii)software modules
• Knowledge Management System – It has two components i)
Explicit Knowledge and ii) Tacit Knowledge
• Info that is documented stored and coded with help of IS is
Explicit and that is stored in human mind is called as Tacit
knowledge.
Systems from a Functional Perspective

9
Fig : Interrelationships among systems
Role of Information System in Business
Organizations
• Scaling of organization
• Followed Distribution approach
• Changing nature of business operations
• Increase in the number of user
• IS take less time to provide accurate information
• Interaction of user via internet
• Payment mode has been changed
• Movement and emerging of organization.
Development of Information
System
SDLC Models
Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
• Software-development life-cycle is used to
facilitate the development of a large software
product in a systematic, well-defined, and
cost-effective way.
• An information system goes through a series
of phases from conception to implementation.
This process is called the Software-
Development Life-Cycle.
• Various reasons for using a life-cycle model
include:
Why a life cycle model?
– Helps to understand the entire process
– Enforces a structured approach to
development
– Enables planning of resources in advance
– Enables subsequent controls of them
– Supports management to track progress of
the system
Phases
– Feasibility check
– Requirement Gathering and Analysis
– Design
– Implementation
– Testing
– Maintenance
Requirement Gathering and Analysis

• Decide what the project is suppose to do


• Do not think about how the program will accomplish tasks

• Output: Software requirements specification (SRS) document


– Describes what program will do once completed
– User manual: tells how user will operate program
– Performance criteria
Design
• Plan how to implement the system
• Discover structures that underlie problem to be solved
• Decide what classes and methods you need
• Design approaches:-
• Structure Design
• Detailed Design
• Output:
– Description of classes and methods
– Diagrams showing the relationships among the classes
Implementation

• Write and compile the code


• Code implements classes and methods
discovered in the design phase
• Output: completed program
Testing
• Testing strategies:-
• Unit Testing
• Integration Testing
• System testing
– Alpha
– Beta
– Acceptance
• Run tests to verify the program works correctly
• Output: a report of the tests and their results
Maintenance

• Users install program


• Users use program for its intended purpose
• Maintenance approaches:-
• Corrective
• Perfective
• adaptive
What is a software process?
• A set of activities whose goal is the development or evolution
of software.

• Generic activities in all software processes are:

– Specification - what the system should do and its


development constraints
– Development - production of the software system
– Validation - checking that the software is what the
customer wants
– Evolution - changing the software in response to changing
demands.

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