Microcontrollers

Section #6

Spring 23-24
Question #1

For the A/D of ATmega32, find the step size for Vref = 2.048 V

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Question #1

For the A/D of ATmega32, find the step size for Vref = 2.048 V
Solution

 Step size = , Where n is number of bits

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Question #2

With Vref = 2.56 V, find the Vin for the following outputs:
(a) D9–D0 = 1111111111 (b) D9–D0 = 1100110000

Solution

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Question #2

With Vref = 2.56 V, find the Vin for the following outputs:
(a) D9–D0 = 1111111111 (b) D9–D0 = 1100110000

Solution
(a) D9–D0 = 1111111111

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Question #2

With Vref = 2.56 V, find the Vin for the following outputs:
(a) D9–D0 = 1111111111 (b) D9–D0 = 1100110000

Solution
(b) D9–D0 = 1100110000

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Question #2

Find the first conversion times for the following cases if XTAL = 4 MHz. Are
they are acceptable?
(d)
Solution

So, the conversion time for /64 is 16 microseconds.

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Write an AVR C program to read the sensor and display it on Port D

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Write an AVR C program to read the sensor and display it on Port D

Input (port A) ADCSRA Register()

ADMUX Register () 1
Write an AVR C program to read the sensor and display it on Port D

Vref

= zero (connected to ground )

Vref values (usually take standard Vref=2.56 ) 1

Shift Right

Shift Left

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Write an AVR C program to read the sensor and display it on Port D

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Write an AVR C program to read the sensor and display it on Port D

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2 1
Program #1
Reading ADC Using Polling Method in C
Solution:
#include <avr/io.h> //standard AVR header
int main (void)
{
DDRB = 0xFF; //make Port B an output
DDRD = 0xFF; //make Port D an output
DDRA = 0; //make Port A an input for ADC input
ADCSRA= 0x87; //make ADC enable and select ck/128
ADMUX= 0xC0; //2.56V Vref, ADC0 single ended input
//data will be right-justified
while (1)
{
ADCSRA|=(1<<ADSC); //start conversion
while((ADCSRA&(1<<ADIF))==0); //wait for conversion to finish
PORTD = ADCL; //give the low byte to PORTD
PORTB = ADCH; //give the high byte to PORTB
}
return 0;
}
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Program #2
Reading ADC Using Interrupts in C
Solution:
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <avr/interrupt.h>
ISR(ADC_vect)
{
PORTD = ADCL; //give the low byte to PORTD
PORTB = ADCH; //give the high byte to PORTB
ADCSRA|=(1<<ADSC); //start conversion
}
int main (void)
{
DDRB = 0xFF; //make Port B an output
DDRD = 0xFF; //make Port D an output
DDRA = 0; //make Port A an input for ADC input
sei(); //enable interrupts
ADCSRA= 0x8F; //enable and interrupt select ck/128
ADMUX= 0xC0; //2.56V Vref and ADC0 single-ended
//input right-justified data
ADCSRA|=(1<<ADSC); //start conversion
while (1); //wait forever
return 0;
}
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Program #3
Reading Temperature Sensor in C
Solution:
//this program reads the sensor and displays it on Port D
#include <avr/io.h> //standard AVR header
int main (void)
{
DDRD = 0xFF; //make Port D an output
DDRA = 0; //make Port A an input for ADC input
ADCSRA = 0x87; //make ADC enable and select ck/128
ADMUX = 0xE0; //2.56 V Vref and ADC0 single-ended
//data will be left-justified
while (1)
{
ADCSRA |= (1<<ADSC); //start conversion
while((ADCSRA&(1<<ADIF))==0); //wait for end of conversion
PORTB = ADCH; //give the high byte to PORTB
}
return 0;
}