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Circular Motion-A

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21 views36 pages

Circular Motion-A

Uploaded by

Dina AlHudrob
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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“What is uniform circular motion?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SZj6Du
B0vvo
 In uniform Circular motion
a body travels at a constant speed
on a circular path.
 An object moves at uniform speed
in a circle of constant radius.
 Uniform circular motion is
accelerated motion. Why?
 The speed is constant, ‘v’
 The velocity is not!
 There is an acceleration
 There is a net force
Acceleration in Uniform Circular
Motion

The velocity vector at any given point is


subjected to an acceleration that turns it, but
does not speed it up or slow it down.
The acceleration vector is always at right
angles to the velocity.
The acceleration points toward the center of
the circle.
d 2 r
v ( speed )  
t Tt

v = speed
r = radius
t= time
Acceleration in Uniform Circular
Motion
The acceleration responsible for
uniform circular motion is
referred to as centripetal
acceleration.
Centripetal Acceleration
v
• ac = v2/r ac
 ac: centripetal
acceleration in m/s2 v ac
 v: tangential speed in ac
m/s v
r: radius in meters
Centripetal acceleration always points
toward center of circle!
To the center mv kg  (m / s )
2 2
F  kg  m / s 2

r m

2 2
v (m / s)
To the center a   m/s 2

r m
Constant Speed not Velocity:
The direction of v changes continually!

The velocity is always tangent to the path


There must be a force and therefore an acceleration:
Directed to the center
When the string is cut it flies off on a ______.
Tangent
 v2  2
F  m  mv
 r  Fc 
r
since
Fc  mac
then
2
v
ac 
r
A 95-kg halfback makes a turn on the football field. The
halfback sweeps out a path which is a portion of a circle with
a radius of 12 m. The halfback makes a quarter of a turn
around the circle in 2 s. Determine the speed, acceleration
and net force acting upon the halfback.
d along the path
Speed
s
t
d circumference  (diameter )  (24m)
v     9.42m / s
t t t 8s

v 2 (9.42m / s) 2
a   7.4m / s 2
r 12m

mv 2
FC   (95kg )(7.4m / s )  702 N
2

r
A 900-kg car moving at 10 m/s takes a turn around
a circle with a radius of 25.0 m. Determine the
acceleration and the net force acting upon the car.

1. a = (v2)/R
a = (10.0 m/s)2/(25.0 m)
a = (100 m2/s2)/(25.0 m)
a = 4 m/s2

2. F = ma = (900 kg) x (4 m/s2)


F = 3600 N
More on Centripetal Force
 Centripetal force is not a unique type of force.
 Centripetal forces always arise from other forces.
 You can always identify the real force which is
causing the centripetal acceleration.
 Nearly any kind of force can act as a centripetal
force.
Friction as centripetal force
As a car makes a turn,
the force of friction
acting upon the turned
wheels of the car
provide the centripetal
force required for
circular motion.
Tension as centripetal force

As a bucket of water is tied


to a string and spun in a
circle, the force of tension
acting upon the bucket
provides the centripetal force
required for circular motion.
Gravity as centripetal force

As the moon orbits the


Earth, the force of
gravity acting upon the
moon provides the
centripetal force required
for circular motion.
Normal force as centripetal force

An automobile turning on
a banked curve uses the
normal force to provide the
necessary centripetal force.
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/Physics-Interactives/Cir
cular-and-Satellite-Motion/Uniform-Circular-Motion/Uniform-
Circular-Motion-Interactive

http://physics.bu.edu/~duffy/HTML5/circular_motion.htm
l
Centripetal Force depends on the mass:
Smaller mass  Smaller force
Centripetal Force depends on the velocity
Smaller velocity  Smaller force
Centripetal Force depends on the radius
Smaller radius  Larger force
Geosynchronous Satellites
 To serve as stationary relay station the
satellite must be placed at a certain height
above the earth surface

 they have an orbital


period equal to the
rotational period of
the earth, 24 hours.
Military

Communications
SUMMARY
Particle moving with uniform speed v in a circular path
with radius r has an acceleration aC :

2
v
ac 
r
- The acceleration points to
the center of the circle!
- Centripetal acceleration
• The velocity of the particle is always __________
• The centripetal acceleration is towards the __________
• The centripetal force acting on the particle is towards the ______
• Centripetal force causes a
change in the ______________
but no change in ___________

• The magnitude of the centripetal


acceleration is: a = _________
• Newton’s law: The force on the
particle is (centripetal force)
F = m·a = ______________
Motion in a circular path at constant speed
• Velocity is changing, thus there is an acceleration!!
• Acceleration is perpendicular to velocity
• Centripetal acceleration is towards the center of the circle
• Magnitude of acceleration is
v2
•The change in velocity is director to the center ar 
r
2 2
mv mv
f  uFN 
r r
“Centrifugal” Force?

Turn this way. Feel a force


this way.

Centrifugal is from Latin for “to flee from the center.”


Is centrifugal force a “real” force?

12-35
Banked Curve
v2
 FC  FN sin   m
r
FN  FN cos

FN sin

W
a

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