Dr.

Vasantraodada Patil ShetkariShikshan Mandal's

PadmabhooshanVasantraodada Patil Institute of Technology

Department of
CSE(Artific›a1 Intelligence & Data Science)
Engineering
SEMINAR REPORT ON

CLOUD COMPUTING
Under the guidance of
Prof. Mrs.S.P.Mandale

Submitted by
Roll no Student Name

1735 Khilare Vaishnavi Anil

Academic Year —
: 2023-24
 Padmabhooshan Vasantraodada Patil Institute of Technology,
Budhgaon
Department of CSE (Artificial Intelligence & clata Science)
Engineering

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that have satisfactorily submitted a report
on

Submitted by :-
Name — Khilare VMshnavi
Anil Roll no - 1735
PRN no - 23062691925008

Incharge H.O.D
l’•of. S.P-Mandale Prof .DR.A.A.
Patil
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our sincere gratitude to Prof. Mrs.S.P.Mandale. , Associate Professor,

DepartiTicnt of‘ €icncral Engineering, PVP Institutc of Technology, as the mentor for my
seminar. It is our great fortune that we have got opportunity to carry out this seminar work
under the supervision. We express our sincere thanks for the encouragement, support and
the guidance. We would further like to thank all the faculty member for their cooperation
and extended support in undergoing the projcct work. We also would thank the department
of General Engineering to provide the infrastructure and facility in carrying the seminars
like these.

Miss. Khilare Vaishnavi Anil

 INDEX
Sr No. Name
J Abstract

2 Introduction
3 Concepts
4 Cloud Architecture
5 Component
6 Working
7 Merits and Demerits
Conclusion
9 References
 Abstract

Cloud computing has come of age since Amazon‘s rollout of the first of its kind of cloud services in
2006. It is particularly relevant to Hong Kong because of the tremendous amounts of data that are
being processed here daily in various sectors, alid there are signs that subscription to cloud services by
the local companies u'ill soon be on a skyrocket course, despite a slow start in previous years. As a
research theme, cloud computing how' easily tops any list ot’topics in computer science because ot“its
far reaching implications in many areas in computing, especially big data w'hich without cloud
computing is at best a concept. Alibaba's julnp in 2014 FQ on the bandwagon (www.a1iyun.com), as
well as the recent establishment of“ one ot“ its datacenters in Hong Kong, signified the beginning of’
a new’ era in cloud computing where not just the scale, but also every other single aspect in a
cloud service will meet with much elevated complexities. Hong Kong is poised to play a role
in the advancement of cloud computing technologies because of’its track record in networking, and
recently cloud, research. The recent establishment of“ a lvajor cloud R&D center in Hong Kong by
Lenovo (January 2015) attests to this fact. Researchers in various local institutions already have an
active agenda of important and signiticant problems for which they would like to seek the best and
optimized solutions. We belies'e solving these problems will create a spot for Hong Kong in the
world map of cloud computing research. The results will also benefit Hong Kong as the reliance on
cloud computing services is rapidly increasing. This brief talk will outline some ot'tlie concerns
pertaining to the further development of cloud computing into a mature technology that meets its
original goals.
 INTRODUCTION
Cloud computing is the next nahiral step in the evolution of“ on-demand information technology
services and products. To a large extent cloud computing will be based on virtualized resources.
The idea of cloud computing is based on a very fundalrental principal of ’reusabil ity of IT
capabilities’. The difference that cloud coiiiputing brings compared to traditional concepts of
“grid computing”, “distributed computing”, “utility computing”, or “autonomic computing” is to
broaden horixons across organixational boundaries.
According to the IEEE Computer Society Cloud Computing is:

"A pnradigm in which iij[ormntion is permanently stored in .servers on the

Internet and cached tempoFarily on client.9 that include de.sktop.s,
Entertainment center s, table computers, notebooks, wall computers, haridhelds, etc."

Theugh many cloud computing architectures and deployments are powered by grids, based on
autonomic characteristics and consumed on the basis of utilities billing, the concept of a cloud is
fairly distinct and complementary to the concepts of grid, SaaS, Utility Computing etc. In theory,
cloud computing promises availability of all required hardware, software, platform, applications,
infrastructure and storage with an ownership ofjust an intenset connection.

people can access the information that they need trom any device with an Internet connection—
including mobile and handheld phones—rather than being chained to the desktop. It also means
lower costs, since there is lio need to install software or hardware.”

Cloud computing used to posting and sharing photos on orkut, instant lressaging wlth friends
maintaining and upgrading business technology
 Concepts
A powerful underlying and enabling concept is computing through service-oriented architectures
(SOA) - delivery of an integrated and orchestrated suite of Inactions to an end-user through
composition ol’ both loosely and tightly coupled functions, or services - often netw'ork based.
Related concepts are component-based system engineering, orchestration of different services
through workflows, and virtualization.

Cyber infrastructure
Cyber infrastructuFC lTlakcs applications dramatically easier ie develop anti deploy, thus
expanding the feasible sctipc of applications possible ’ithin budget and organixational
constraints, and shifting the scientist“s and engineer's efftirt away from information technology
development and concentrating it on scientific and engineerine resCarch. Cyber infrastructure
also increases cl'ficiency, quality, and reliability by capturing commonalities among applicatiOl4
needs, and facilitates the efficient sharing of ecltiipinent and services.

Today, almost any business or major activity uses, or relies in some form, on IT and IT services.
These services need to be enabling and appliance-like, and there must be an economy ot- scale
for the total-cost-of-ownership to be better than it would be u ithout cyber infrastructure.
Technology needs to improve end-user productivity and reduce Technology-driven overhead

Service-Oriented Architecture
SOA is not a new concept, although it again has been receiving considerable attention in recent
years [e.g., Bel08, IBM08a]. EXaluples of s o u l Of the first network-based service-oriented
architectures are remote procedure calls (RPC), DCOM and Object Request Brokers (ORBs)
based on the CORBA specifications . A more recent example are so called “Grid Computing”
architectures and solutions . In an SOA environment end-users request an IT service (or an
integrated collection of such services) at the desired functional, quality and capacity level, anal
receive the reponse at the timC requested or at a spCcified latCr time. Service discovery,
brokering, and rellability are important .Goal of“ the SOA is that creating an architCCttire in which
services are able to communicate using http protocol lt is expected that in the next 10 years,
service-based solutions u'ill be a major vehicle for delivery o1” information and other IT assisted
functions at both individual and organizational levels.
e.g., softw'are applications, web-based services, personal and business “desktop” computing.
 Cloud Architecture
ClotiH are hitec'ture the systems architecture of‘ the software systems involved
in the delivery of cloud computing, comprises hardware and software designed by a cloud
architect who typically works for a cloud integFatHF. It typically involves multiple c/aHd
componc•nts communicating with each other ov'er application prograiiiming interfaces, usually
web services.

This closely resembles the Unix philosophy of having multiple programs doing one thing well
and working together over universal interfaces. Complexity is controlled and the resulting
systems are more manageable than their monolithic counterparts.

Cloud architecture extends to the client, where web browsers and/or software applications access
cloud applications. Clovcl sfor‹Jge architecture is loosely coupled, where metadata operations are
centralized enabling thC data nodes to scale into the hundreds, each independently delivering data

Cb«dIxbe Cbud
Pbtform
(egDueue)
Web F ron

to applications or users

Cloud Architecture

Cloud —Types
Public cloud:
Public cloud or external cloud describes cloud computing in the traditional mainstream. PubllC
clouds are run by third parties, and applications from dit“f’erent customers are likely to be mixed
together old the cloud’s servers, storage systems, and networks. A publiC clOud provides services
to multiple custolrers.
Hybrid cloud:
Hybrid clouds combine both public and private cloud models. This is most often seen with the
use of storage clouds to support Web 2.0 applications.

Private cloud:
Private clouds are built for the exclusive use of one client, providing the utmost
control over data, security, and quality of service (Figure 4). The company ones the
infrastructure and has control over how applications are deployed on it. Private
clouds can be
built and managed by a company's own IT organization or by a cloud provider

Cloud computing products and services can be classified into 4 major

categories:
Tlicy arc
1. Application as service ( AaaS)
2. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
3. Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
4. Sollwarc as a Scrvice (SaaS)

5.Application as s service (AaaS): These are the first kind of cloud computing services that
came into being. Under this, a service is made available to an end-user. The end-user is asked to
create as account with the service provider and start using the application. Onc of” first famous
application was web-based email service by hotmail started in 1996. Scores of such services are
available now on the web.

6.Platform as a Service (PaaS): Cloud vendors arc companics that offcr cloud computing
services and products. One of the services that they provide is called PaaS. Under this a
computing platform such as operating system is provided to a customer or end user on a monthly
rental basis. Seme ef the major cloud computing vendor are Amazon, Microsoft, Google etc

7.Infrastructure as a service: The cloud colvputing vendors offer infrastructure as a service.

One may avail hardware services such as processors, memory, networks etc on agreed basis for
specific duration and price.

8. SOftware as a serviCe (SaaS): Softis are package such as CRM or CAD/CAM can be accessed
under cloud coinputing scheme. Here a customer upon registration is allou'ed to use software
accessible through net and use it for his or his business process. "the related data and work may
bc storcd on local machines or with the service providcrs. SaaS services may bc aVaÎl£tble on
rental basis or on per use basis.
 Component

The key to a SOA framework that supports workfiows is coiiiponentization of its services, an
ability to support a range of couplings among workflow building blocks, Cou1t-tolérance in its
data- and process-aware service-based delivery, and an ability to audit processes, data and
results, i.e., collect and use provenance information. Component-based approach is characterized
by reusability (elenients can be re-used in other workflows), substitutability (akemative
implementations are easy to insert, very prccisely specificd interfaces are available, run-time
component replacement mechanisms exist, there is ability to verify and validate
substitutions, etc), extensibility and scalability tabilily to readily extend system component pool
and io scale it, increase capabilities of individual components, have an extensible and scalable
architecturc that can automatically discover new functionalities and resources,
etc j,customizability (ability to customize generic features to the needs of a particular scientific
domain and problem), and c
• ROS•*ility (easy construction of more complex functional
solutions using basic components, reasoning about such compositions, ete.). There are other
characteristics that also are very important. Those includc reliability and availability of the
components and services, the cost of the services, security, total cost of ownership, economy of
scale, and so on.In the conlext of’ cloud compuling wc distinguish many categories of
components. From difl”erentiated and undifferentiatcd hardware, to general-purpose and
specialized software and applications, io real and virtual “images”, to environinents, to no-root
Differentiated resources, to workflow-based environments and collections of services, and soon.

Virtualization
Virtualixation is another very useful concept. lt allows abstraction and isolation of lower-lcvel
lunctit›na1ities and underlying hardn'are. This enables portability of higher-level fonctions and
sharing and/or aggregation of the physical resources. The virtualization concept has been around
in some form since 1960s (e.g., in IBM mainframe systems). Since then, the concept has matured
considerably and it has been applied to all aspects of computing — memory, storage, processors,
software, net›vorks, as well as services that IT offers. Il is the combination of the growing needs
and the recent advances in the IT architectures and solutions that is now
bringing the virtualiZation to the true commodity level. Virtualization, through its economy of
scale, and ils ability to offcr very advanccd and compter IT services at a rcasonablc cost, is
poised to become, along with wireless and highly distributed and pervasivc computing devises,
such as sensors and personal cell-based access devices, the driving technology behind the next
waive in IT growth .Not surJirisingly there are dozens of VÎrtualization products, and a number of
small and large companics that make them. Somc cxamplcs in the opcraling sysrcirs and
software applications space are VMware 1, Xen - an open source Linux-based product cleveloped
by XenSourcc2, and Microsoft vinualixation products, to mention a Uw. Major IT players have
also shown a renewed interest in the
technology. Cl£tSSÎC£tl storage players such as EMC 10, NetApp 1 1, IBM 12
and H itachi 13 havc not bccn standing still cithcr. In addition, the nctwork virtualisation market is
teeming with activity.

Users
The most important Cloud cntity, and the principal quality drivcr and eonstraining influence is,
of coursc, the user. The value of a solutions depends very much on the vl0W lt has of its cnd-
user requirements and user categories.
There four broad scts of nonexclusivc user categorics:
System or Cyber infrastructure (CI) developers, developers (authors) of different component
services and underlying applications, technology and domain personnel that integrates basic
services into composite services and their orchestrations (u orkflows) and delivers those to end-
uscrs, and finally users of simple and compositc services. Uscr categories also include domain
specific groups, and indirect users such as stakeholders, policy makers, and so on. Functional and
usability requirements derive, in most part, directly from the user profi les.
Working Of Cloud Computing:
Cloud Computing system can be divided it into two sections: the front end and the back end.
They connect to each other through a network, usually the Internet. Thefront end is the side the
computer user, or client, sees.The back end is the "cloud" section of the system. On the back
end there are various computers,servers and data storage systems that create the "cloud" of
computing services.A central server administers the system, monitoring traffic and client
demands to ensure everything runs smoothly. It followsa set of rules called protocols
Servers and remote computers do most of the work and store the data.

COFtlfOl .*
 Merits & Demerits:
Merits:
Cloud enabler technologies like utility coirputing, Grid COlTlputing, STI, web infrastructure and
others are cloud enabled.
1. Infrastructure service providers are taking advantage of the Cloud services.
2.Information services, entertainment-orientcd services such as video on demand,
simple business services such as customer authentication or identity management and
contextual services such as location or irapping services are positioned well by using the service.
3. Other services, such as corporate processes (for example, billing, deduction management and
mortgage calculation) and transactional services (for example, fiscal transaction5), would take
longer to reach the cloud and the mainstream.

4. Cloud coinputing infrastructures allows efficient use of their IT hardware and so

are investments
5. A cloud infrastructure can be a cost efficient modcl for delivering infomiation services,
reducing IT management complexity.
6. The Cloud makes it possible to launch Web 2.() applications quickly and to scale up
applications as much as needed when needed.

Demerits:
Stored data might not bC secure: With cloud computing, all our data is stored on the cloud. The
unauthorized users gain access to our confidential data.
Dcpcndcnt on interact connection: Intcrnct connectivity isn't completed y stable and rel iab1c.
It's not platform agnostic:Most clouds force participants to rely on a single platform or host only
one type of product.
Can be slow’:Even on a fast conneetion,web based application scan sometimes be slower than
accessing a similar software program on our desktop PC
 Conclusion
“Cloud” computing builds on decades of research in virtualization, distributed computing, utility
computing, and morc recruit y nctw'orking, web and sofiware serviccs. If implies a scrvicc
oriented architecture, reduced information technology overhead for the end-user, great
flexibility, reduced total cost of ownership, ondemand services and many other things.
In today's global competitive market. companies must innovate and get the most from its
resources to succeed. Cloud computing infrastructures are next generation platforms that can
provide tremendous xalue to companies of any size. They can help companies achieve more
efficient use of their IT hardware and software investments and provide a means to accelerate the
adoption of innov’ations.Cloud computing increases profitability by improving resource
utilization. Costs are driven down by delivering apprtipriate resources only for the time those
resources are needed. Cloud computing has enabled teams and organizations to streamline
lengthy procurement processes.
Cloud computing enables innovation by alleviating the need ot’ innovators to find resources to
develop, test, and make their innovations available to the user community. Innovators are free to
focus on the innovation rather than the logistics of finding and managing resources that enable
the innovation.
 References

Magazines:

1] Cloud Computing — M EA GEN .A.VOUK -Issues, Research air

implementations , IflfOrmiftion Technical Interfaces qUne 2008

Websites:

www.ibm.com/developerworks/websphere/zones/hipods/library.html\

http://comlnunication.howstuft\vorks.com/cloud-coniputing2.htmI

’ W W. t h b s . iiolTi

http://www.wikipedia.org/