Scribd
Upload
17 views6 pages

Ip-Header

The document describes the IP header format and its fields. It explains that the IP header is made up of 5 words by default, with each word being 4 bytes. It provides details on the different fields like version, header length, total length, time to live, protocol, and checksum. It also discusses fragmentation and how a router divides a large packet into smaller fragments to send over interfaces with smaller MTU sizes.

Uploaded by

ashishatulsian10
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
17 views6 pages

Ip-Header

The document describes the IP header format and its fields. It explains that the IP header is made up of 5 words by default, with each word being 4 bytes. It provides details on the different fields like version, header length, total length, time to live, protocol, and checksum. It also discusses fragmentation and how a router divides a large packet into smaller fragments to send over interfaces with smaller MTU sizes.

Uploaded by

ashishatulsian10
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

IP Header

V 4b H.L 4b TOS/DS 1B T.L 2B


ID 2B FLAG 3b Fragment offset 13b
TTL 1B Prot 1B Checksum 2B
b--bit
B--byte S.A 4B
D.A 4B

option

each words is of 4 bytes, by default there are total 5words or 20 byte in IP header
S.A : source IP address
D.A : Destination IP address
V : Version 4, H.L : Header Length, TOS/DS : Type of service/Differentiated Service, T.L : Total
Length
TTL : Time To Live, Prot : Protocol
2nd word is related to fragmentation , option field is of 40 byte

1
IP Header
V : Version 4
H.L : 4 bits
max value = 15 words each word = 4 byte
Max H.L = 15 x 4 = 60 byte
By default H.L = 20 byte (5 words)

T.L = 16 bits max 65535 bytes


however rarely larger than 1500 bytes
Because generally MTU is 1500 bytes
related to MTU

TOS/DS : used to assign priority to a packet real/non real time traffic packet
real time traffic ( on line audio / video )packet gets higher priority,
non real time traffic ( file transfer, mail transfer etc ) gets lower priority

2
IP Header
Checksum : to check error in IP header during transmission

Prot : Protocol is to tell which higher layer TCP (4)/UDP (17) will accept this packet

TTL : Time to live used to drop the packet if it goes to infinite loop.
by dropping this type of packets Internet traffic is controlled

3
Fragmentation
• If router receives a bigger packet from ( interface1)which can not be forwarded through the
(interface2)
• Router divides the packet and it is known as fragmentation
• R receives packet P size 2200 byte from interface 1 but interface 2 do not allow more than
1500 byte
• R need to divide packet P in 2 packets so that it can forward each packet from interface2

P ( 2200 byte ) ------ divide in 2 parts

interface1 interface2 MTU -- 1500


R

4
Fragmentation Example
p1 p3
TR Ethernet Ethernet
D
p p1 p2 p3 p21, p22 ppp p1 p21 p22 p3
R1 R2
mtu 4464 mtu 1500 mtu 1000

Packet p is IP packet it contains 4000 byte data and 20 byte IP header total 4020 byte
R1 receives p from TR interface and forward p to Ethernet interface

R1 cannot forward 4020 byte packet through Ethernet interface


because Ethernet can pass only 1500 byte data.
R1 divide p.
it remove 20 byte IP header from p and remaining 4000 byte divided to three packets.

5
Fragmentation
P --- 4000 byte data and 20 byte IP header 4000 byte packet divided to 3 packets p1 p2 p3

p1 ----1480 byte + 20 byte IP --- X, 0 0 1, 0


p2 ---- 1480 byte + 20 byte IP ---X, 0 0 1, 1480-------------p21----980 byte + 20 byte IP—X,001,1480
p22-----500 byte + 20 byte IP—
X,001,2460
p3 ---- 4000 – (1480 + 1480 ) = 1040 byte + 20 byte IP-----X,0 0 0, 2960

IP fragmentation ---- ident x ----remain same for IP fragments p1, p2, p3 p2—p21,p22
----- 3 flag bit 1st –reserve, 2nd – do not fragment, 3rd – more fregment
------ 0 for first frag, size of 1st frag for 2nd frag, total size of 1st & 2nd frag for
3rd frag ….

You might also like