Communication network design

LCD PRESENTATION
By-
Aagam Jain (02411503122)
Tanya Rathore (01311503122)
Abhishek (03611503122)
 What is communication network ?
Communication network design is the process
of creating a network infrastructure that enables
communication between different devices and
applications. It involves designing a network
topology, selecting network protocols, and
implementing network security measures to
ensure that the network is secure and reliable.
 Why is network design important ?

• Network design is the process of creating a network infrastructure that enables

communication between different devices and applications.

• As networks become mission-critical for business functions, design decisions

made by IT professionals can have far-reaching implications. A network with a well-
planned design will perform better. It will be more secure and resilient and easier to
troubleshoot, and it will scale easily and adapt to future technologies.
 Network Design Requirements
Requirements analysis is a critical step in the communication network
design process. It involves gathering and analyzing the requirements of
the communication network design, including the business needs,
technical requirements, and user requirements. Business requirements
help define what needs to be done, while technical requirements define
how it should be done. User requirements are the set of requirements
gathered or derived from user input and are what is needed by users to
successfully accomplish their tasks on the system .
 User requirements
• User requirements are the set of requirements gathered or derived from user
input and are what is needed by users to successfully accomplish their tasks on the
system . Typically, when gathering requirements, everyone involved with that
network is considered a potential user.

BUISNESS NEEDS
• When designing a communication network, it is important to consider the business needs of
the organization. This can help ensure that the network design meets the specific
requirements of the business and is aligned with its goals and objectives. For example, if the
organization is a small business, it may require a simple network design that is easy to
manage and maintain. On the other hand, if the organization is a large enterprise, it may
require a more complex network design that can support a large number of users and
applications.
Technical requirements
• When designing a communication network, it is
important to consider the technical requirements
of the organization. This can help ensure that the
network design meets the specific technical needs
of the business and is aligned with its goals and
objectives. For example, if the organization
requires high-speed data transfer, it may require a
network design that can support high bandwidth
and low latency. On the other hand, if the
organization requires high availability, it may
require a network design that can support
redundant links and failover mechanisms.
 Network topology

Network topologies represent the physical or

logical arrangement of connected devices in
a computer network. Each topology has its
strengths and weaknesses, and the choice
depends on factors like the organization's
requirements, scalability, and cost
considerations. Here are different types of
network topologies:
 1.Chain topology

1) The Chain Topology refers to a linear

communication structure where messages flow
sequentially from one individual to the next in a
chain-like fashion. In this topology,
communication typically starts from a sender
and is passed along through a series of
individuals until it reaches the final recipient.
2) It is a one way communication.
 2.Wheel topology
1) The Wheel Topology is a communication network
characterized by a central individual or hub that acts as the
primary point of contact for all other members within the
network.
2) In this Topology, all communication channels flow through
the central hub, and there are limited direct connections
between other members. The central hub holds a position of
authority or expertise, serving as a main point for
information exchange.
3) Communication can be both one-way and two-way,
depending on the specific configuration and purpose
of the network.
 3.Vertical network
1) The Vertical Network refers to a network structure
where communication channels predominantly
flow vertically up and down the hierarchical levels
of an organization.
2) Information primarily flows from superiors to
subordinates or from
• subordinates to superiors, aligning with
• the hierarchical structure of the organization.
3) It is a Two – way communication.
 4.Circuit network
1) The Circuit Network refers to a network
structure where communication flows through
predefined paths or circuits.
2) In this network, messages are passed sequentially
from one individual or department to the next
until they reach the intended recipient. The circuit
network operates on the principle of fixed routes
and sequential transmission of information.
3) It is a Two – Way Communication .
 5.Star network
1) The Star Network refers to a communication
network structure where a central individual,
typically a manager or supervisor, acts as the hub
for information exchange within an organization.
2) In this network, all communication channels
flow through the central hub, and other members
communicate directly with the hub rather than with
each other. The hub serves as a primary point of
contact, coordination, and decision-making.
3) It is a Two – Way Communication.
 Comparison of a Communication Network
Similarities :

1) All communication networks aim to facilitate the exchange of information within an

organization.
2) They provide channels for communication, enabling individuals or departments to connect and
share information.
Differences :
1) The structure and flow of communication differ among network types. For example, the
wheel network revolves around a central hub, while the chain network follows a sequential
path.
2) Communication networks have varying degrees of flexibility, scalability, and adaptability to
different organizational needs.
 Best Topology Depends on Requirements:
•Small Networks: Star topology is often suitable for small to medium-sized networks
due to its simplicity and ease of management.
•Large Networks: Mesh or hybrid topologies are preferred for larger networks where
redundancy and fault tolerance are critical.
•Cost Considerations: Bus and ring topologies are cost-effective for small networks,
while mesh topologies may be justifiable for critical, large-scale applications despite
higher costs.
•Scalability: Tree and hybrid topologies are more scalable, allowing for growth and
additional segments.
•Fault Tolerance: Mesh topology provides the highest fault tolerance due to multiple
paths for data transmission.
COMPONENTS OF
Communication
NETWORK
 Network components
Network components are the building
blocks that collectively enable the
functioning of a computer network.
These components can be classified into
hardware and software categories, each
playing a crucial role in the transmission
and management of data. Here's a brief
overview-
 Network Hardware
Network hardware is a set of physical or
network devices that are essential for
interaction and communication between
hardware units operational on a
communication network. These are dedicated
hardware components that connect to each
other and enable a network to function
effectively and efficiently.
 Network Hardware

•Modems: A modem enables a computer to connect to the internet via a

telephone line. The modem at one end converts the computer’s digital signals
into analog signals and sends them through a telephone line. At the other end,
it converts the analog signals to digital signals that are understandable for
another computer.

•Routers: A router connects two or more networks. One common use of the
router is to connect a home or office network (LAN) to the internet (WAN). It
generally has a plugged-in internet cable along with cables that connect
computers on the LAN. Alternatively, a LAN connection can also be wireless
(Wi-Fi-enabled), making the network device wireless. These are also referred
to as wireless access points (WAPs).
 Network Hardware
•Network interface cards: A network interface card (NIC) is a
hardware unit installed on a computer, which allows it to
connect to a network. It is typically in the form of a circuit
board or chip. In most modern machines, NICs are built into the
motherboards, while in some computers, an extra expansion
card in the form of a small circuit board is added externally.
•Network cables: Cables connect different devices on a network.
Today, most networks have cables over a wireless connection as
they are more secure, i.e., less prone to attacks, and at the same
time carry larger volumes of data per second.
 Network software
Network software is an umbrella term used to
describe a wide range of software that streamlines
the operations, design, monitoring, and
implementation of communication networks.
Network software plays a crucial role in managing a
network infrastructure and simplifying IT operations
by facilitating communication, security, content, and
data sharing.
 Key Components of Network Software
1) Network storage software
Network storage software allows businesses to utilize
a standard interface that manages countless databases
between users or clients. It serves as a good manager
of access between various departments or essential
communities within an organization. This way,
anybody having access can view or retrieve
information with just a click, and at the same time,
security concerns are also taken care of.
2) Patch management software
As the name suggests, patch management software aids in the smoother
management of updates across numerous devices on the network through the
installation of patches. This makes the process more seamless and enables each
machine to download a patch managed by central software and run updates
automatically. Patch management software is the more hassle-free and effective
way to perform continuous updates across devices and systems in an organization.
3) Security surveillance software
A majority of network software focuses on data storage and linking devices.
However, they do not incorporate protection for a network. This is where security
surveillance software comes into the picture. It monitors and connects the various
security solutions within a network. Specific software is ideal for large networks as
it effortlessly links throughout locations and provides credible browser-based live
and recorded footage to an organization.
Network security measures
What exactly is network security? Put simply,
it’s the system used to secure data and
resources against potential threats and
unauthorized access. There are several ways to
ensure network security, and the most
successful network security systems utilize a
variety of components to create a well-
rounded overall strategy.
 1) Firewalls
A firewall is a barrier or filter between a given
network and the outside world or the internet at
large. It is responsible for screening the information
that enters or exits a network and tracking that
information. Firewalls serve as the front-line defense
for any network security system, keeping out
unauthorized entities seeking to access the system’s
data. A fine-tuned, updated, and responsive firewall
is one of the most important components of a
network security system.
2) Access control
Access control refers to the systems and protocols an organization has
in place to make sure that only authorized users can enter the network
and access the data and information stored there. The most common
tool for access control is identity and access management (IAM), which
is standard in all network security protection systems.
IAM is a comprehensive strategy that covers all of an organization’s
data—both in the cloud and in house—and implements keys and locks
for every person authorized to access it.
3) Intrusion Prevention System

Intrusion Prevention System is also known as Intrusion Detection

and Prevention System. It is a network security application that
monitors network or system activities for malicious activity.
Major functions of intrusion prevention systems are to identify
malicious activity, collect information about this activity, report it
and attempt to block or stop it.
 4) Virtual private network (VPN)

•The next concern to address is how to protect

data, voice, or video that is transmitted
anywhere someone might be able to
eavesdrop. This includes within a corporate or
home network and outside of those networks
such as across the internet or on a service
provider’s network.
•Encryption addresses this concern by making
the data unreadable without the key.
 Performance optimization
Performance optimization is a crucial aspect of
communication network design. It involves
designing a network infrastructure that can
deliver high performance and reliability. Load
balancing, Quality of Service (QoS), and other
performance-enhancing measures are some of
the techniques used to optimize network
performance.
 Load balancing
Load balancing is a technique used to
distribute network traffic across multiple
servers or network devices. This helps to
prevent any one device from becoming
overloaded and ensures that network traffic
is distributed evenly across the
network. Load balancing can be achieved
through various methods such as round-
robin, least connections, and IP hash.
 Quality of service (Q.o.S)
Quality of Service (QoS) is a set of techniques
used to manage network traffic and ensure that
critical applications receive the necessary
bandwidth and priority. QoS can be used to
prioritize network traffic based on the type of
application, the user, or the location. This helps to
ensure that critical applications receive the
necessary bandwidth and priority, while non-
critical applications do not interfere with the
performance of critical applications.
 Performance Optimization
Other performance-enhancing measures include bandwidth
optimization, traffic shaping, and network segmentation.
Bandwidth optimization involves maximizing the use of available
bandwidth to improve network performance. Traffic shaping is a
technique used to control network traffic and ensure that it
conforms to a specific set of rules. Network segmentation is a
technique used to divide a network into smaller segments, which
can help to improve network performance and security.
 Future of Communication Network
• The future of communication networks is exciting and full of
possibilities. Emerging technologies such as 5G, artificial intelligence,
and the Internet of Things (IoT) are expected to revolutionize the way
we communicate and interact with each other.

• One of the key trends that will shape the future of communication
networks is the increasing demand for high-speed data transfer. This will
require networks that can support high bandwidth and low latency,
which can be achieved through the use of technologies such as 5G and
fiber optic cables. Another trend is the growing importance of network
security, which will require the development of new security measures to
protect against cyber threats .

• In addition, the future of communication networks will be characterized

by the increasing use of artificial intelligence and machine
learning. These technologies will enable networks to become more
intelligent and self-learning, allowing them to adapt to changing
conditions and optimize performance in real-time .
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THANK YOU