Unit 1 MCQ SG

AP Biology Scoring Guide
UNIT 1 MCQ
The protein is made up of amino acids linked together in a chain. Some humans produce
1.
a
version of the protein in which phenylalanine (an amino acid) has been deleted from position 508
of the amino acid chain.
Which of the following best predicts how the amino acid deletion will affect the structure of
the protein?
A It will have no observable effect on the structure of the protein.
It will affect the primary structure of the protein, but the other levels of protein structure will not be
B
affected.
It will affect the secondary and tertiary structures of the protein, but the primary structure will not be
C
affected.
D It will affect the primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of the protein.
2. The carbohydrates glucose, galactose, and fructose have the same chemical formula but
different structural formulas, as represented in the figure.
Which of the following statements about glucose, galactose, and fructose is most likely
true?
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UNIT 1 MCQ
The carbohydrates have the same properties because they have the same number of carbon, hydrogen, and
A
oxygen atoms.
B The carbohydrates have the same properties because they each have a single carbon-oxygen double bond.
The carbohydrates have different properties because they have different arrangements of carbon, hydrogen,
C
and oxygen atoms.
D The carbohydrates have different properties because they have different numbers of carbon-carbon bonds.
3.
Which of the following statements best describes how organisms such as rabbits obtain the carbon
necessary for building biological molecules?
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UNIT 1 MCQ
Rabbits eat plants and use energy absorbed from the plants to make carbon atoms from electrons, protons,
A
and neutrons in the air.
Rabbits eat plants and break down plant molecules to obtain carbon and other atoms that they rearrange into
B
new carbon-containing molecules.
Rabbits eat plants and use water absorbed from the plants to hydrolyze , which the rabbits breathe in
C
from the air and use as a carbon source.
Rabbits eat plants and make carbon-containing molecules by using carbon atoms that the plants absorbed
D
from the soil and stored in the cells of their leaves.
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UNIT 1 MCQ
4. Researchers compared similar proteins from related organisms in different habitats. They found that the
proteins from organisms living in harsh environments had a greater number of cysteine amino acids than
did proteins from organisms not living in harsh environments. The structure of cysteine is shown. Bonds
can form between the sulfur atom of different cysteine amino acids ( bonds).
Figure 1. Chemical structure of cysteine

Which of the following best describes the effect of a greater number of cysteine amino acids on the stability
of the proteins?
A The change has no effect on the stability of the protein because only one type of amino acid is involved.
The change leads to increased protein stability because of an increased number of bonds in the tertiary
B
structure of the proteins.
The change leads to decreased protein stability because of an increased number of bonds in the tertiary
C
structure of the proteins.
The change leads to increased protein stability only when the added cysteine amino acids are next to other
D
cysteine amino acids in the primary structure.
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UNIT 1 MCQ
Figure 1 represents a nucleic acid fragment that is made up of four nucleotides linked together in a
5.
chain.
Figure 1. Nucleic acid fragment

Which of the following characteristics of Figure 1 best shows that the fragment and not ?
is
A The to orientation of the nucleotide chain
B The identity of each nitrogenous base
C The charges on the phosphate groups
D The type of bond linking the nucleotides together
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UNIT 1 MCQ
6.
Figure 1. Nucleic acid segments

and are nucleic acids that can store biological information based on the sequence of their
nucleotide monomers. Figure 1 shows a short segment of each of the two types of nucleic acids.
Which of the following best describes a structural difference between and ?
A contains four types of nitrogenous bases, whereas contains only two types of nitrogenous bases.
B The backbone of contains deoxyribose, whereas the backbone of contains ribose.
A molecule is composed of two parallel strands with the same to directionality, whereas an
C
molecule is composed of only one to strand.
D Phosphate groups provide rigidity to , but is flexible and contains no phosphate groups.
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UNIT 1 MCQ
7. The molecular structures of linoleic acid and palmitic acid, two naturally occurring substances, are shown
in the figure.
Based on the molecular structures shown in the figure, which molecule is likely to be solid at room
temperature?
Linoleic acid, because the absence of carbon-carbon double bonds allows the molecules to pack closely
A
together.
Linoleic acid, because the presence of carbon-carbon double bonds prevents the molecules from packing
B
closely together.
Palmitic acid, because the absence of carbon-carbon double bonds allows the molecules to pack closely
C
together.
Palmitic acid, because the presence of carbon-carbon double bonds prevents the molecules from packing
D
closely together.
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UNIT 1 MCQ
8. Water and ammonia interact to form hydrogen bonds, as represented in the

figure.
Which statement best helps explain the formation of the hydrogen bond represented in the
figure?
A The oxygen has a partial positive charge, and the nitrogen has a partial negative charge.
The nitrogen has a partial negative charge, and the hydrogen attached to the oxygen has a partial positive
B
charge.
The hydrogen attached to the oxygen has a partial negative charge, and the nitrogen also has a partial
C
negative charge.
The nitrogen has a partial positive charge, and the hydrogen attached to the oxygen also has a partial positive
D
charge.
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UNIT 1 MCQ
9. The figure shows a model of the exchange of matter between the organisms that live together in an
aquarium. The model includes matter exchange between plants, fish, and bacteria. The bacteria are
represented as rod-shaped organisms living in the gravel at the bottom of the aquarium.
Which of the following statements best describes how molecules released by the fish become nutrients for
the plants?
The carbon dioxide molecules released by the fish are converted by the bacteria to oxygen atoms, which are
A
used by the plants to make water molecules.
The oxygen molecules released by the fish are converted by the bacteria to ammonia molecules, which are
B
used by the plants to make lipids and fatty acids.
The nitrites released by the fish are converted by the bacteria to carbon dioxide molecules, which are used by
C
the plants to make carbohydrates.
The ammonia molecules released by the fish are converted by the bacteria to nitrates, which are used by the
D
plants to make proteins and nucleic acids.
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UNIT 1 MCQ
10. A small protein is composed of 110 amino acids linked together in a chain. As shown in Figure 1, the first
and last five amino acids in the chain are hydrophobic (have nonpolar and uncharged -groups), whereas
the remaining 100 amino acids are hydrophilic (have charged or polar -groups). The nature of the -group
determines if the amino acid is hydrophobic or hydrophilic.
A mutation results in the production of a version of the small protein that is only 105 amino acids long, as shown
in Figure 2. Five of the hydrophobic amino acids are missing from one end of the chain.
Which of the following best depicts the tertiary structures of the two proteins in water? The diagrams in the
options are not drawn to the same scale as those in Figure 1 and Figure 2.
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UNIT 1 MCQ
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UNIT 1 MCQ
11.
Which of the following conclusions is most clearly supported by the representations of nucleic acid
and nucleic acid
?
A Nucleic acid contains only purines, whereas nucleic acid contains only pyrimidines.
B Nucleic acid contains the sugar ribose, whereas nucleic acid contains the sugar deoxyribose.
C Nucleic acid contains positively charged phosphate groups, whereas nucleic acid does not.
D Nucleic acid contains adenine-thymine base pairs, whereas nucleic acid does not.
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UNIT 1 MCQ
12. Students conducted a controlled experiment to investigate whether sawdust provides enough nutrients to support plant growth. The
students separated ten nearly identical sunflower seedlings into two groups. They grew the seedlings in the first group in potting soil
and the seedlings in the second group in sawdust composed mostly of cellulose. After twenty days, the students recorded observations
about the seedlings in each group. The students’ observations are presented in the table.
Treatment Group Mean Seedling Height Observations
Seedlings in potting soil The leaves have a dark green color and are normal in size.
Seedlings in sawdust The leaves have a grayish color and are small in size.
The observed differences between the groups most likely resulted from differences in the ability of the seedlings to produce which of
the following monomers?
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UNIT 1 MCQ
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UNIT 1 MCQ
13. Figure 1 represents a common process that occurs in

organisms.
Figure 1. Structural formula for a common biological reaction

Which of the following is an accurate description of the process shown in Figure 1 ?
A. The linking of amino acids with an ionic bond as an initial step in the protein synthesis process
B. The formation of a more complex carbohydrate with the covalent bonding of two simple sugars
C. The hydrolysis of amino acids with the breaking of covalent bonds with the release of water
D The formation of a covalent peptide bond in a dehydration synthesis reaction
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UNIT 1 MCQ
14.
Figure 1. Formation of a peptide bond

Which of the following best describes the formation of the bond shown in Figure
1?
An ionic bond is formed between a carbon atom of one amino acid and the nitrogen atom of the other amino
A
acid.
An ionic bond is formed when the negative charge of an group is balanced by the positive charge of a
B
hydrogen ion.
C A covalent bond is formed between a carbon atom and a nitrogen atom along with the formation of .
D A covalent bond is formed that replaces the hydrogen bond between the group and the atom.
15. Which of the following best describes the structures of

carbohydrates?
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UNIT 1 MCQ
A They only occur as

disaccharides.
B They occur as monomers, chains of monomers, and branched structures.
C. They only occur as long and branched structures.
D. They occur as chains of monomers that hydrogen bond with complementary chains of monomers.
16. Polypeptides are continuously being formed and degraded. One of these processes is
shown.
Figure 1. Polypeptide reaction

Which statement is the most accurate description of the reaction shown in Figure
1?
A. It represents monomers linked by dehydration synthesis.
B. It represents a polypeptide chain that folds to form the tertiary structure.
C. It represents a polypeptide chain that is denatured into the primary structure.
D It represents a polypeptide chain that is broken down through a hydrolysis reaction.
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UNIT 1 MCQ
17. Figure 1 is a diagram of water molecules at the air-water interface at the surface of a
pond.
Figure 1. Alignment of water molecules at air-water interface

Based on Figure 1, which of the following best describes how the properties of water at an air-water
interface enable an insect to walk on the water's surface?
Covalent bonds between water molecules and the air above provide cohesion, which causes tiny bubbles to
A
form under the feet of the insect.
Ionic bonds between molecules at the surface of the water provide an electric charge, which attracts the feet
B
of the insect, keeping it on the surface.
Polar covalent bonds between molecules at the surface of the water provide adhesion, which supports the
C
weight of the insect.
Hydrogen bonds between molecules at the surface of the water provide surface tension, which allows the
D
water surface to deform but not break under the insect.
18. Which of the following best describes how amino acids affect the tertiary structure of a
protein?
A The number of amino acids determines the tertiary structure of the protein.
The interactions of the different -groups with other -groups and with their environment determine the
B
tertiary structure of the protein.
The -group of the last amino acid that is added to a growing polypeptide chain determines the next amino
C
acid that is added to the chain.
The sequence of the amino acids in the polypeptide chain determines the protein’s primary structure but has
D
no effect on its tertiary structure.
Copyright © 2021. The College Board. These materials are part of a College Board program. Use or distribution of these materials online or in print beyond your
school’s participation in the program is prohibited.
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AP Biology Scoring Guide

A It will have no observable effect on the structure of the protein.

Figure 1. Chemical structure of cysteine

Figure 1. Nucleic acid fragment

A The to orientation of the nucleotide chain

B The identity of each nitrogenous base

C The charges on the phosphate groups

D The type of bond linking the nucleotides together

Figure 1. Nucleic acid segments

B The backbone of contains deoxyribose, whereas the backbone of contains ribose.

8. Water and ammonia interact to form hydrogen bonds, as represented in the

13. Figure 1 represents a common process that occurs in

Figure 1. Structural formula for a common biological reaction

D The formation of a covalent peptide bond in a dehydration synthesis reaction

Figure 1. Formation of a peptide bond

15. Which of the following best describes the structures of

A They only occur as

B They occur as monomers, chains of monomers, and branched structures.

C. They only occur as long and branched structures.

Figure 1. Polypeptide reaction

A. It represents monomers linked by dehydration synthesis.

B. It represents a polypeptide chain that folds to form the tertiary structure.

C. It represents a polypeptide chain that is denatured into the primary structure.

D It represents a polypeptide chain that is broken down through a hydrolysis reaction.

Figure 1. Alignment of water molecules at air-water interface

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