Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 3 views

    B.P Sir

    Uploaded by

    wadhwacommunisation0001

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    B.P Sir

    Uploaded by

    wadhwacommunisation0001
    3 views24 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    3 views24 pages

    B.P Sir

    Uploaded by

    wadhwacommunisation0001

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    SWAMI PARMANAND COLLEGE OF

    ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY


    Project Report
    On
    Suspension Bridge

    On Partial Fulfillment Of Seventh Semester


    CIVIL BRANCH
    Submitted To:- Submitted By:-
    Er. Kamalpreet Kaur Bijendra Prasad Singh (1514722)
    Rajat Kumar (1514741)
    Mansoor Akhter (1422244)
    SUSPENSION BRIDGE

    SUSPENSION BRIDGE
    SUSPENSION BRIDGE

    CONTENT
    S
    1. INTRODUCTION
    2. TYPES OF SUSPENSION BRIDGE
    3. COMPONENTS OF SUSPENSION BRIDGE
    4. USE OF ANCHORAGE
    5. EVOLUTION OF SUSPENSION BRIDGE
    6. CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
    7. SOFTWARE CAN BE USED TO DESIGN
    SUSPENSION BRIDGE
    09- STRUCTURAL FAILURE
    10 SUSPENSION BRIDGE THROUGH OUT THE INDIA
    11 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
    CABLE SUSPENSION
    BRIDGE
    INTRODUCTION
    A suspension bridge consist of two cables, which are stretched over the span to be
    bridged. Each cable passing over two towers anchored by backstays to a firm foundation.
    As the cable is flexible throughout, therefore it cannot resist any moment and can adopt
    any shape under the load, that is why the bending moment at every point of the cable is
    taken zero.
    The central sag or dip of the cable generally varies from 1/10 to 1/15 of the span. It may be
    noted that, since the cable is in tension throughout, this type of construction is most
    economical.

    DIP
    SUSPENSION SUSPENDERS
    CABLE
    ANCHORAGE
    PYLON

    DIP/SAG

    DECK MAIN SPAN


    FIXED PINNED
    PAVEMENT SUPPORT SUPPORT
    TYPES OF SUSPENSION BRIDGE
    TYPICAL SUSPENSION BRIDGE
    The deck (trafficway) of a suspension bridge is hung by suspender cables which hang from
    master cables (resisting on the tower). The cables transfer the weight to the towers, which
    transfer the weight to the good
    SUSPENSION BRIDGE
    CABLE STAYED BRIDGES:
    Cable-stayed bridges have towers, but cables from the tower go directly to the road deck,
    instead of spanning from tower to tower.
    SUSPENSION BRIDGE

    COMPONENTS OF SUSPENSION
    BRIDGE
    A suspension bridge is a type of bridge in which the deck (the load-bearing portion) is
    hung below suspension cables on vertical suspenders.

     COMPONENTS
     Cables-suspend the roadway(deck) via hangers
     Towers- stabilize wire cables (offer little support)
     Anchorages- key to the structure, mass that keeps cables tight, gives the
    bridge structure
    SUSPENSION BRIDGE
    ANCHORAGE
    Anchorages are the structures to which the WITH ANCHORAGE
    ends of the bridge's cables are secured. The
    are massive concrete blocks securely y

    Attached to strong rock formations.


    During construction the
    of anchorages, strong
    a circular hole at (steel
    eye with bars
    Bars
    one
    end) are embedded in the concrete.—each
    wire bundle will be secured to one of the WITHOUT ANCHORAGE
    anchorage's eye
    bars.
    SUSPENSION BRIDGE
    EVOLUTION OF SUSPENSION BRIDGES
     The first design for a bridge resembling the modern suspension
    bridge is attributed to venetion engineer Fausto Veranzio whose
    1595 book Machinae Novae included drawings both for a timber
    and rope suspension bridge cable-stayed bridge using iron chains.

     However, the first suspension bridge actually build was by James


    Finely(American engineer) at Jacob’s creek, in 1801. Finely bridge
    was the first to incorporate all of the necessary components of a
    suspension bridge.
    SUSPENSION BRIDGE
    BEHAVIOUR:

    THE MAIN FORCES IN A SUSPENSION BRIDGE OF ANY TYPE ARE TENSION IN THE CABLES AND
    COMPRESSIONS IN THE PILLARS.
    SUSPENSION BRIDGE
    CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
    TOWERS
    Tower foundation are prepared by dagging down to a sufficient
    firm rock formation.
    Some bridges are designed so that their towers are built on dry
    land, which makes construction easier.

    If a tower will stand in water, its construction begins with


    lowering a caisson (a steel and concrete cylinder that acts as
    a circular damn) to the ground beneath the water;
    removing the water from the caisson's interior allows
    workers to excavate a foundation without actually working
    in water.
    • SUSPENSION BRIDGE
    CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE`

    2. SADDLES

    Large devices called saddles, which will carry the main suspension cables, are
    positioned atop the towers. Typically of cast steel, they can also be manufactured
    using riveted forms, and are equipped with rollers to allow the main cables to shift
    under construction and normal loads.

    3.ANCHORAGE

    Anchorages are the structures to which the ends of the bridge's cables are secured. They are massive concrete blocks securely
    attached to strong rock formations. During construction of the anchorages, strong eye bars (steel bars with a circular hole at
    one end) are embedded in the concrete.—each wire bundle will be secured to one of the anchorage's eye bars.
    SUSPENSION BRIDGE
    CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE`

    4.CATWALKS

    Temporary suspended walkways, called catwalks, are then erected using a set of guide wires
    hoisted into place via winches positioned atop the towers. These catwalks follow the curve set by
    bridge designers for the main cables. Typical catwalks are usually between eight and ten feet
    wide, and are constructed using wire grate and wood slats.
    Gantries are placed upon the catwalks, which will support the main cable spinning reels.
    SUSPENSION BRIDGE
    CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE`

    5.CABLE SPINNING

    High strength wire (typically 4 or 6 gauge galvanized steel wire), is


    pulled in a loop by pulleys on the traveler, with one end affixed at an
    anchorage. When the traveler reaches the opposite anchorage the
    loop is placed over an open anchor eye bar. Along the catwalk,
    workers also pull the cable wires to their desired tension. This
    continues until a bundle, called a "cable strand" is completed, and
    temporarily bundled using stainless steel wire.
    Then it is brought to shape with compactor
    SPINNING

    BUNDLE COMPACTION
    SUSPENSION BRIDGE
    CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE`

    6.HANGERS / VERTICAL CABLES

    At specific points along the main cable devices called "cable bands“(clamps) are installed to carry steel wire ropes called Suspender cables. Each
    suspender cable is engineered and cut to precise lengths, and are looped over the cable bands. In some bridges, where the towers are close to
    or on the shore, the suspender cables may be applied only to the central span.
    SUSPENSION BRIDGE
    CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE`

    7.DECK

    After vertical cables are attached to the main support cable, the deck structure can be started. The structure must be built in both directions
    from the support towers at the correct rate in order to keep the forces on the towers balanced at all times. In one technique, a moving crane
    that rolls atop the main suspension cable lifts deck sections into place, where workers attach them to previously placed sections and to the
    vertical cables that hang from the main suspension cables, extending the completed length. Alternatively, the crane may rest directly on the
    deck and move forward as each section is placed.

    Upon completion of the deck the added load will pull the main cables into an arc mathematically described as a parabola, while the arc of the
    deck will be as the designer intended
    SUSPENSION BRIDGE
    SOFTWARE USED
    STAAD.Pro is the leading Structural Analysis and Design software rom Bentley. STAAD.Pro is
    the proessional’s choice ffor steel, concrete, timber, aluminium and cold formed steel
    design virtually any structure including culverts, petrochemical plants, tunnes bridges, piles
    and much more.

    Structural engineering is usually considered a specialty within


    civil engineering, but it ccan also be studied in its own right.
    Strucctural engineers are responsible for engineering design
    and analysis. Entry-level structural engineers may design the
    individual structural elements of a structure, or example- the
    beams, columns, and floor of a building.
    SUSPENSION BRIDGE
    Structural Failure

    Some bridges have in the past suffered from structural failure. This may be combination of poor
    design and severe weather conditions.

    When it was opened in 1940, the Tacoma Narrows Bridge was the third longest suspension
    bridge in the world. It later become known as "Galloping Gertie," due to the fact that it moved
    not only from side to side but up and down in the wind. Attempts were made to stabilize the
    structure with cables and hydraulic buffers, but they were unsuccessful.

    Eventually on November 7, 1940, only four months after it was built the bridge collapsed in a
    wind of 42 mph. The bridge was designed to withstand winds of up to 120 mph. Some experts
    have blamed the collapse of the bridge upon a phenomenon called resonance. When a body
    vibrates at its natural frequency it can shatter. Resonance is the same force that can shatter a
    glass when exposed to sound vibrations from an opera singers voice.
    SUSPENSION BRIDGE
    SUSPENSION BRIDGE THROUGH OUT THE INDIA

    Nivedita Setu Bandra–Worli Sea Link LAKSHMAN JHOOLA

    india-arunachal-pradesh-tenga-western kallada river bridge vidyasagar setu bridge


    SUSPENSION BRIDGE
    ADVANTAGE
     Longer main spans are achievable than with any other type of bridge.
     Less material may be required than other bridge types, even at spans they can achieve,
    leading to a reduced construction cost.
     May be better to withstand earthquake movements than heavier and more rigid
    bridges.
     Bridges decks can have deck sections replaced in order to widen traffic lanes for larger
    vehicles or add additions width for separated cycling/pedestrian path.
    SUSPENSION BRIDGE
    DISADVANTAGES
     Considering stiffness or aerodynamic profiling may be required to prevent the bridge deck
    vibrating under high winds.
     The relatively low decks stiffness compared to other(non-suspension) types of bridges make it
    more difficult to carry heavy rail traffic where high concentrated live load occur.
     Some access below may be required during construction, to lift the initial cables or to lift deck
    units. This access can often be avoided in cable stayed bridge construction.
    SUSPENSION BRIDGE

    THANK
    YOU!

    You might also like