INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER
PROGRAMMING
Sonam Yar
Lecturer Computer Science
Pre-requisite
• Introduction to Computer Science
Text books and References
• C++ Programming: From problem analysis to program design, 2 nd Edition
by D.S. Malik
• Object oriented programming in C++, 4th Edition, by Robert Lafore
Email Id
[email protected]
Course Outline
• Programming and Problem analysis
• Flow charts
• Development of basic algorithms
• Translation of algorithms into programs
• Structured Programming
• Object Oriented Programming
Standard data types
Basic control structures
Functions
Structured data types
Arrays
Structures
Pointer and files
• Testing and debugging
Brief History of Programming
Languages
• Computer rely on directions to do any task
• These directions are called programs.
• People who write programs are called programmers.
• Programmers use a variety of special languages called programming
languages to communicate with the computer.
The Evolution of Programming Languages
(cont'd.)
• High-level languages include Basic, FORTRAN, COBOL, Pascal, C, C++, C#, and
Java
• Compiler: translates a program written in a high-level language machine language
Processing a C++ Program
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout << "My first C++ program." << endl;
return 0;
}
Sample Run:
My first C++ program.
Processing a C++ Program (cont'd.)
To execute a C++ program:
• Use an editor to create a source program in C++
• Preprocessor directives begin with #
• Use the compiler to:
• Check that the program obeys the rules
• Translate the program into machine language (object
program)
Processing a C++ Program (cont'd.)
To execute a C++ program (cont'd.):
• Linker:
Combines object program with other programs provided by
the SDK to create executable code
• Loader:
Loads executable program into main memory
The last step is to execute the program
We use instead an IDE having both editor and compiler
along with other features
Processing a C++ Program (cont'd.)
Programming with the Problem Analysis–Coding–
Execution Cycle
• Programming is a process of problem solving
• problem-solving technique:
• Analyze the problem
• Outline the problem requirements
• Design steps (algorithm) to solve the problem
• Algorithm:
• Step-by-step problem-solving process
• Solution achieved in finite amount of time
The Problem Analysis–Coding–Execution
Cycle (cont’d.)x
The Problem Analysis–Coding–Execution
Cycle (cont'd.)
• Run code through compiler
• If compiler generates errors
• Look at code and remove errors
• Run code again through compiler
• If there are no syntax errors
• Compiler generates equivalent machine code
• Linker links machine code with system resources
C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fifth Edition
The Problem Analysis–Coding–Execution
Cycle (cont'd.)
• Once compiled and linked, loader can place program into main
memory for execution
• The final step is to execute the program
• Compiler guarantees that the program follows the rules of the
language
• Does not guarantee that the program will run correctly
Example 1-1
• Design an algorithm to find the perimeter and area of a rectangle
• The perimeter and area of the rectangle are given by the following formulas:
perimeter = 2 * (length + width)
area = length * width
Example 1-1 (cont'd.)
• Algorithm:
• Get length of the rectangle
• Get width of the rectangle
• Find the perimeter using the following equation:
perimeter = 2 * (length + width)
• Find the area using the following equation:
area = length * width
