Faculty : NMF

Profession : Machines and Equipment of Oil

Refining and Chemical Production
Group : A4123
Subject : English Language
Student : Kanan Feyzullazade
Teacher : Guliyev Samir
Topic : Solutions of Optimization Problems in
Mathematica
Solutions of  What is Optimization?

Optimization Problems  Solutions of Optimization Problems

in Mathematica Optimization Methods



 Example for Solutions

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 What is Optimization?
Optimization is the process of finding maximum
and minimum values given constraints using
calculus.
For example, you’ll be given a situation where
you’re asked to find:
The Maximum Profit
The Minimum Travel Time
Or Possibly The Least Costly Enclosure
It is our job to translate the problem or picture into
usable functions to find the extreme values

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 What is Optimization?
Many important applied problems involve finding the
best way to accomplish some task. Often this involves
finding the maximum or minimum value of some
function: the minimum time to make a certain
journey, the minimum cost for doing a task, the
maximum power that can be generated by a device,
and so on. Many of these problems can be solved by
finding the appropriate function and then using
techniques of calculus to find the maximum or the
minimum value required.

Generally such a problem will have the following

mathematical form: Find the largest (or smallest)
value of f(x) when a ≤ x ≤ b. Sometimes a or b are
infinite, but frequently the real world imposes some
constraint on the values that x may have.
Solutions of Optimization Problems

Any global maximum or minimum must of course

be a local maximum or minimum. If we find all
possible local extrema, then the global maximum,
if it exists, must be the largest of the local maxima
and the global minimum, if it exists, must be the
smallest of the local minima. We already know
where local extrema can occur: only at those
points at which f′(x) is zero or undefined. Actually,
there are two additional points at which a
maximum or minimum can occur if the end points
a and b are not infinite, namely, at a and b. We
have not previously considered such points
because we have not been interested in limiting a
function to a small interval.
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 Solutions of Optimization
Problems
Step 1: Translate the problem using assign symbols,
variables, and sketches, when applicable, by finding two
equations: one is the primary equation that contains the
variable we wish to optimize, and the other is called
the secondary equation, which holds the constraints.
Step 2: Substitute our secondary equation into our
primary equation and simplify.
Step 3: Take the first derivative of this simplified equation
and set it equal to zero to find critical numbers.
Step 4: Verify our critical numbers yield the desired
optimized result (i.e., maximum or minimum value).
While this may seem difficult at first, it’s really quite
straightforward as we are simply finding two equations,
plugging one equation into the other, and then taking the
derivative.
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 Optimization Methods
Method 1 Method 2
Finding Absolute Extrema. First Derivative Test

This is the method used in the first example In this method we also will need an
above. Recall that in order to use this method interval of possible values of the
the interval of possible values of the independent variable in the
independent variable in the function we are function we are optimizing, I.
optimizing, let’s call it I, must have finite However, in this case, unlike the
endpoints. Also, the function we’re optimizing previous method the endpoints do
(once it’s down to a single variable) must be not need to be finite. Also, we will
need to require that the function be
continuous on I, including the endpoints. If these
continuous on the interior of the
conditions are met then we know that the
optimal value, either the maximum or minimum interval I and we will only need
depending on the problem, will occur at either the function to be continuous at
the endpoints of the range or at a critical point the end points if the endpoint is
that is inside the range of possible solutions. finite and the function actually
exists at the endpoint. We’ll see
several problems where the
function we’re optimizing doesn’t
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actually exist at one of the
 Example for Solutions

A rectangular garden is to be constructed using a rock wall as one side of

the garden and wire fencing for the other three sides (Figure 4.7.1).
Given 100ft100ft of wire fencing, determine the dimensions that would
create a garden of maximum area. What is the maximum area?

Solution
Let x denote the length of the side of the garden perpendicular to the rock wall
and y denote the length of the side parallel to the rock wall. Then the area of the
garden is
A= x ⋅ y
We want to find the maximum possible area subject to the
constraint
that the total fencing is 100ft. the total amount of fencing used will be 2x+y. Therefore, the
Constraint equation is 2x+y=100
Solving this equation for y, we have y=100−2x. . Thus, we can write the area as
(Figure 4.7.1)
A(x)=x⋅(100−2x)=100x−2x sq.

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 Example for Solutions
Before trying to maximize the area
Function A(x)=100x−2x sq, we need to determine the domain under consideration.
To construct a rectangular garden, we certainly need the lengths of both sides to be
positive. Therefore, we need x>0 and y>0. Since y=100−2x, if y>0, then x<50.
Therefore, we are trying to determine the maximum value of A(x) for x over the
open interval (0,50). We do not know that a function necessarily has a maximum
value over an open interval. However, we do know that a continuous function has
an absolute maximum (and absolute minimum) over a closed interval. Therefore,
let’s consider the function A(x)=100x−2x sq. over the closed interval [0,50]. If the
maximum value occurs at an interior point, then we have found the value x in the
open interval (0,50) that maximizes the area of the garden. Therefore, we consider
the following problem:
Maximize A(x)=100x−2x sq. over the interval [0,50].
As mentioned earlier, since A is a continuous function on a closed, bounded interval,
by the extreme value theorem, it has a maximum and a minimum. These extreme
values occur either at endpoints or critical points. At the endpoints, A(x)=0. Since the
area is positive for all x in the open interval (0,50), the maximum must occur at
a critical point. Differentiating the function A(x), we obtain A'(x)=100−4x. Therefore, (Figure 4.7.2)
the only critical point is x=25 (Figure 4.7.2). We conclude that the maximum area
must occur when x=25.
Then we have y=100−2x=100−2(25)=50. To maximize the area of the garden,
let x=25ft and y=50ft. The area of this garden is 1250ft sq.

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 Thank you

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