Innovating Ultrasonic Sensor

Auto Switch-off Electric

Flat Iron After Usage
Review of the Related Literature 1
According to the research study of Keeratiburt Kanchanasatian 2018, which is entitled Automatic Speed Control and Turning
ON/OFF for Smart Fan by Temperature and Ultrasonic Sensor, he uses two methods for the functionality of the smart device.
As for the motion sensor, first, passive- infrared sensor (PIR) which emit infrared signal and detect any movement that cuts
through its signal. Second, ultrasonic sensor sends out a sound wave and once the wave contacts an object such as human or
wall, the wave bounces back to the sensor and the time which the wave has traveled forth and back is calculated to be the
distance between the sensor and the object. The difference is that if the object stays still within the infrared signal for a
period of time, the sensor will understand that there is nothing within the range because there is no movement anymore.
That is, PIR sensor can only detect movement when human come to the front but if the human sits still or falls asleep the PIR
sensor will not detect any movement anymore and the fan is turned off. Ultrasonic sensor, in contrast, will always produce
the output that there is still an object within a range because the distance is measured all the time. This allows the ultrasonic
sensor to detect whether there is an object within its range or not even the object is not moving. The smart fan can adjust its
speed level according to the room temperature. Additionally, it starts working when the user sits in place such as on a sofa or
chairs. After the user leaves the seat, the fan should stop working. This was supposed to bring the user comfortability and
energy reduction consumption.
References:
[1] Bai Y W, Cheng C C and Xie Z L 2013 Use of a time-variation ultrasonic signal and PIR sensors to enhance the sensing
reliability of an embedded surveillance system 2013 26th IEEE Canadian Conf. on Electrical and Computer Eng. (CCECE),
Regina, SK pp 1-6.

[2] Bai Y W, Cheng C C and Xie Z L 2013 Use of ultrasonic signal coding and PIR sensors to enhance the sensing reliability of an
embedded surveillance system 2013 IEEE Int. Syst. Conf. (SysCon), Orlando, FL pp 287-91.
[3] https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/325/1/012022/pdf
Review of the Related Literature 2

According to the study of Ravi Shankar Singhal, Sheharyar Ahmad Khan, Rakesh Jain Sir, Udit Mahajan, Deepak Vishwakarma
Sir 2020 which is entitled Automatic Street Light Control System, focuses on using the LDR sensor or IR sensor. These sensors
will prevent to consume a lot of electricity. Most power is off but it'll get on when the motion is detected by the sensor and
also, we use LED lights to save lots of the facility. We proposed how supported that Automatic Street Lighting System on/off
depends upon the vehicle or objects. It depends upon the vehicle if the vehicle or object isn't present on the road when the
light is going to be dim because it's necessary to seek out the road for the thing. It’ll save the consumption power of
electricity. The study focuses on the ultrasonic sensor to seek out the thing and produce the road light on when the object is
passing through the nearer to the road light. So, it'll depend on the motion of the thing or vehicle.
References:
[1] https://www.arduino.cc/

[2] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317649190_Solar_Led_Street_Lights_using_Ultrasonic_Sensor

[3]
file:///C:/Users/win7/Downloads/%22https:/www.instructables.com/id/Auotmatic-Street-lights-control-using-LDR-and-Ardu/
%22

[4] Hands-On Internet of Things with MQTT: Build Connected IoT Devices with Arduino and MQ Telemetry Transport (MQTT)

[5] Building Arduino Projects for the Internet of Things: Experiments with Real-World Applications
Review of the Related Literature 3
According the study of Rami Yared, and Bessam Abdulrazak which is entitled Sensor-based Smart Oven System to Enhance
Cooking Safety, they supported the study of Alwan and Wai. Alwan measure oven usage and Wai propose detecting unsafe
usage of the oven. They use embedded temperature sensors 44 to measure the burner status, ultrasonic sensors to detect
the presence of a pot and electric current 45 sensors to detect the oven utilization and the levels of abnormality in the
kitchen. They require 46 modifications to oven to install the sensors. Yuan et al. develop an automated top oven monitoring
47 system based on thermal cameras to detect dangerous situations [10]. The system does not require 48 modifications to
oven, so it fits any existing oven and respects user privacy, because it is based on 49 thermal imaging and not a visible-light
camera. However, the thermal camera is sensitive to cooking 50 heat and smoke. To build a robust smart oven system, it is
required to insightfully select sensors.
References:
[1] Alwan, M.; Dalal, S.; Mack, D.; Kell, S.; Turner, B.; Leachtenauer, J.; Felder, R. Impact of monitoring technology in assisted
living: outcome pilot. IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, 2006; 10(1), pp.192-198.

[2] Wai, A.A.P.; Devi, S.S.; Biswas, J.; Panda, S.K. Pervasive intelligence system to enable safety and assistance in kitchen for
home-alone elderly. In International Conference on Smart Homes and Health Telematics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 2011;
LNCS, vol. 6719, pp. 276–280.

[3] Yuan, M. Y.; Green, J. R.; Goubran, R. Thermal imaging for assisted living at home: Improving kitchen safety. Journal of
Medical and Biological Engineering, 2013; 33(4), pp. 380–387.

[4] Yared, R.; Abdulrazak, B.; Tessier, T.; Mabilleau, P. Cooking risk analysis to enhance safety of elderly people in smart
kitchen. Proceedings of the 8th 237 ACM International Conference on Pervasive Technologies Related to Assistive
Environments - PETRA ’15, 2015.

[5] file:///D:/Downloads/Sensor-Based_Smart_Oven_System_to_Enhance_Cooking_.pdf
Review of the Related Literature 4
Orji EZ, Oleka CV, and Nduanya UI proposed their study entitled Arduino Based door Automation System Using Ultrasonic
Sensor and Servo Motor. According to them, opening and closing of doors have always been a tedious and boring job,
especially in places like; hotels, shopping malls, theaters, etc. where a person is always required to open and close the door
for visitors. This human involvement can be avoided by automating the process using different sensors like infrared, pressure,
ultrasonic, laser etc. In this paper, automatic door control system using Arduino microcontroller was designed. The system
combines ultrasonic sensor, servo, and Arduino to achieve the desired goal. When the ultrasonic sensor installed at the
entrance of the building detects a person or an object within the range of the sensor, a signal is sent to the Arduino
microcontroller which controls the servo motor to automatically open the door. The door remains open until the object goes
out of range of the sensor and in turn closes the door automatically. The results clearly show that the system is cheap,
effective, and a reliable means of opening and closing doors in places like retail stores, super markets, factories and the like.
References:
[1]. Lucky Gautam, Chinoy Sharma, Akshaj Arora, and Pinku yadav, "Developing Infrared Controlled Automated Door System",
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol. 3, Issue. 5, Sep - Oct. 2013 pp-2872-2874.

[2]. Mahmood, S.H., Hassan, O.G., Abass, S.F. and Kwad, A.M, “Auto Opening Door and Car

Identification”, Journal of Computer and Communications, 2016, 4, 132-141.

[3]. Dejan Nedelkovski, (2015), "Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04 and Arduino Tutorial", Retrieved 25

September 2017, from http://howtomechatronics.com/tutorials/arduino/ultrasonic-sensor-hc-sr04/

[4]. Tesla Institute, (2016), "Servo motor", Retrieved 26 September 2017, from
http://www.teslainstitute.com/index.php/servo-motor

[5]. http://jsaer.com/download/vol-5-iss-4-2018/JSAER2018-05-04-341-349.pdf
Review of the Related Literature 5
The study of Mr. Muthamil Selvan.S, Aratrika Roy, Kurnal Pratap Singh, Ashutosh Kumar is entitled Automatic Water Level
Indicator Using Ultrasonic Sensor and GSM Module and has the man objective to keep in track of the water level in the
overhead tanks. The project on Automatic Water Level Indicator using Ultrasonic Sensor and GSM Module helps the user to
be aware of the water level in the tank through an SMS alert and also pump is switched on and off automatically when the
water in the tank reaches a particular threshold level. Arduino is used since its connections are easy as well as its coding
being simple. The system also provides continuous water level measurement. It is very useful because the user need not
worry about the water content during the peak hours of the day. It not only helps in the daily chore but also prevents water
wastage. It reduces human labor, saves time and also keeps the user updated regarding the water content.
References:
[1] Abdullah, A. (2008).; Eater Level in Tank acing Sensors and P1D Controller. Btech Thesis, University Malaysia Sa-rawak,
Sarawak,123 p.

[2] Microcontroller Based Automated Water Level Sensing and Controlling: Design and Implementation Issue Proceedings of
the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science, pp 220-225.

[3] Osama Mahfooz, Mujtaba Memon, and Asim Iftikhar, “Project Review on Water Level Sensing Using PLC,” Journal of
Engineering & Technology Science, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 160-170,2012.

[4] Jagadesh Boopathi, “555 Timer Based Water Level Controller,” Electronics Tutorials by Jagansindia, Inc., 23 June 2013.

[5] http://ece.jagansindia.in/2013/06/555-timer-based-water-level-controller

[6]
http://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/Automatic_Water_Level_Indicator_using_Ultrasonic_Sensors_and_GSM_Modules_ijariie
9077.pdf
 RESEARCH GAP
Reliability, Accuracy and Safety of Sensor
THANK
YOU
Christian Paul Era
Lovely Tagamtam
Jizza Jane Tuando