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Data Type

The document discusses C programming constructs including steps to create a C program, C character set, tokens, keywords, identifiers, variables, constants, and datatypes. It provides details on each topic such as valid characters, rules for identifiers, integer constant ranges, and primitive and derived datatypes.

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15 views14 pages

Data Type

The document discusses C programming constructs including steps to create a C program, C character set, tokens, keywords, identifiers, variables, constants, and datatypes. It provides details on each topic such as valid characters, rules for identifiers, integer constant ranges, and primitive and derived datatypes.

Uploaded by

kumar9758028
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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School of Computing Science and Engineering

Course Code: E2UC101C Course Name: Programming for Problem Solving

UNIT 2
CONSTRUCTS OF C

Datatypes, Variables and Identifiers

Faculty Name: Varsha Sisaudia Program Name: B.Tech (CSE)


Recapitulations

 History of C
 Features of C
 Uses of C
 Structure of a C Program
 The Greeting Program
Objectives

 Process of writing a C program


 C Character Set
 C Tokens
 Keywords
 Identifiers/Variables
 Constants
 Datatypes in C
Steps for creating a C program

 Step 1: Write the source codes (.c).


 Step 2: Pre-process the source codes according to the preprocessor directives
 Step 3: Compile the pre-processed source codes into object codes (.obj, .o).
 Step 4: Link the compiled object codes with other object codes and the library object
codes (.lib, .a)to produce the executable code (.exe).
 Step 5: Load the executable code into computer memory.
 Step 6: Run the executable code.
Steps for creating a C program
C Character Set

 A character denotes any alphabet, digit or special symbol used to represent


information.
 Valid Character Set for C is as follows:
 Alphabets -> A, B, … , Y, Z; a, b, …, y, z
 Digits -> 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
 Special Symbols -> ~‘!@#$%^&*()_-+=|\/[]{};:“<>,.
 The alphabets, numbers and special symbols when properly combined form
constants, variables and keywords.
Keywords

 Words whose meaning has already been explained to C compiler.


 They cannot be used as variable names.
 They are also called as Reserved words.
 There are 32 keywords in C.
Identifiers/ Variables

 Identifiers are the names given to anything for the purpose of identification.
 User defined names given to functions, memory locations, etc.
 An entity that may vary during program execution is called a variable.
 Variable names are given to locations in memory
 Rules for variable names/ identifiers:
 Stick to 31 characters at maximum for names.
 The 1st character must be an alphabet or underscore.
 No commas, blanks are allowed
 No special symbol other than underscore (eg. Gross_salary)
 A variable name always has an associated type with it to identify what kind of value it
can store. Eg. int num1, char ch
Constants

 A constant is an entity that doesn’t change.


 Integer constants
- can be positive or negative (eg. 426, +765, -7606)
- Range is -32768 to 32767 for 16 bit compiler.
 Real constants/ Floating point constants
- Must have a decimal point, can be positive or negative, by default is positive.
- Has 2 forms: fractional and exponential
- Fractional form: eg. 32.34, -21.09, +98.12
426.9 is positive
- Exponential form: has mantissa part and exponential part separated by e
eg. +3.2e-5, 4.1e8, -1.2e+3
Constants

 Character constant
- single alphabet, digit or special character within ‘ ‘.
- each character constant has an ASCII code.
- ‘A‘ has an ASCII code 65 and ‘a‘ has an ASCII code 97.
 String constants
- They are between “ “.
- Eg. “Hello“, “world“, “ab12“.
- “A“ not equal to ‘A‘.
 Special character constants
- \ (back-slash character) used in output functions.
- Eg. ‘\n‘ : newline; ‘\t‘: horizontal tab; ‘\0‘: null character.
- ‘\n’ though has two characters, is considered as single character only.
Datatypes in C

 Datatypes are needed to inform compiler about what kind


of values can be stored in a particular variable.
 It gives information like size of the variable in memory,
range of permitted values, and type of values.
 Two types: Primitive and Derived.
 Primitive data types are basic datatypes provided by
compiler.
 Derived datatypes are an extension of primitive datatypes.
Datatypes
 char
 Range -128 to +127
 Size is 1 Byte
 Format specifier: %c
 int
 Range -32768 to +32767
 Size is 2 Bytes
 Format specifier: %d
 float
 Range -3.4e38 to +3.4e38
 Size is 4 Bytes
 Format specifier: %f
 double
 Range -1.7e308 to +1.7e308
 Size is 8 Bytes
 Format specifier: %lf
References

 Let us C by Yashwant Kanetkar


 EzEd Channel
 TutorialPoint
 https://www3.ntu.edu.sg
Thank you!!!

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