LESSON 5

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
OF THE PHILLIPINES
POLITICS
Sir. Marlon M. Mano
Presentation title 2

OBJECTIVES

1. Explain the roles and powers of the Phillipine

president.
2. Analyze how contemporary Phillipine presidents
exercised their power.
3. Analyze the Phillipine presidents exercise of
power.
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THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE

PHILIPPINES

1. THE PRE SPANISH GOVERNMENT

2. GOVERNMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES UNDER THE
SPANISH RULE
3. THE GOVERNMENT DURING THE AMERICAN REGIME
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THE PRE SPANISH GOVERNMENT

The early Filipinos had a government which they called "BALANGAY."

The head or the leader was called a DATU OR RAJAH who was assisted by the elders in the
community.
All the powers of the government were exercised by the datu or rajah.
He was the chiefexecutive, law giver, chief judge and military head.
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THE PRE SPANISH GOVERNMENT

There are three social classes at that time namely:

1. Maharlika (Nobles),
2. Timawas (Freemen) and the
3. Alipin (Slaves).

The Datu or the Rajah came from the Maharlika (the upper class).
Presentation title 6

GOVERNMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES

UNDER THE SPANISH RULE
The Philippines was governed indirectly by the King of Spain
through the Viceroy of Mexico. When Mexico, also a former
colony of Spain gained her freedom in 1821, the Philippines
was ruled directly by Spain until 1898.
The government established in the Philippines was centralized.
The national government was headed by a Spanish Governor
General, who was appointed by the King of Spain.
Presentation title 7

GOVERNMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES

UNDER THE SPANISH RULE
The Governor-General was at times called the "Representative
of the King of Spain" or the "Little King in the Philippines." In
theory, he was the highest government official in the country, in
practice though frailocracy "rule of the friars" existed thus
overpowering the Governor General. Below the national
government was the Alcaldia (provinces) headed by the Alcalde
Mayor, the Pueblos (towns) which were led by the
Gobernadorcillo (little governor) and the barangays which were
led by the Cabeza de Barangay.
Presentation title 8

GOVERNMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES

UNDER THE SPANISH RULE
In theory, he was the highest government official in the country, in
practice though frailocracy "rule of the friars" existed thus overpowering
the Governor General. Below the national government was the
1. Alcaldia (provinces) headed by the Alcalde Mayor,
2. Pueblos (towns) which were led by the Gobernadorcillo (little
governor)
3. barangays which were led by the Cabeza de Barangay.
Andres Bonifacio organized the KATIPUNAN a secret
revolutionary organization of the filipinos. Its aim was a
complete separation from spain. It precipitated the
Philippine Revolution on August 26, 1896. it was
replaced by another government when it was
discovered by the Spanish authorities. The new
government was headed by general Aguinaldo as
President in the tejeros Convention Held on March 22-
23, 1897
BIAK NA BATO
- Gen. Aguinaldo Nov.1, 1897
- Separation from Spain & formation of the Philippines
as an independent state.
- The Republic existed until December 15, 1897, with the
signing of the Pact of Biak-Na-Bato.
- It resulted in the revolutionary exile of Aguinaldo and his
men to Hong Kong provided that General Primo de
Rivera would pay $800,000. On May 24, 1898,
Gen. Aguinaldo established a dictatorial government when he
returned from his exile in Hong Kong.
The notable achievements of the Dictatorial Government
were:

1)the Proclamation of Philippine Independence at Kawit,

Cavite on June 12, 1898; and
2)the reorganization of local governments. A Revolutionary
Government replaced the Dictatorial Government still with
Gen. Aguinaldo as the head. On January 23, 1899, the first
Philippine Republic was established with Gen. Aguinaldo as
the President.
Presentation title 12

THE GOVERNMENT
DURING THE AMERICAN
REGIME
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THE GOVERNMENT
DURING THE AMERICAN
REGIME
The Americans started the military rule in the Philippines on August
14, 1898. The President of the United States delegated his authority
to the military governor who exercised all powers of the government
(as long as the war lasted) - executive, legislative ni noble in and
judiciary.
The Spooner Amendment ended the table military regime in the
Philippines. It was changed into civil government headed by a Civil
Governor on July 4, 1901. The title was later changed to Governor
General on February 6, 1905.
 14

THE COMMONWEALTH
GOVERNMENT

The Tydings-McDuffie Law in 1934 established the Commonwealth Government. It was a form of
government in transition toward independence. It provided for a ten-year transition period after
which the Philippine independence would be proclaimed and established.

The Commonwealth Government was inaugurated on November 15, 1935 The first national election
in the country was held on September 12, 1935. Manuel L. Quezon was the President, and his Vice-
President was Sergio Osmeña. The Common- wealth Government functioned in exile during World
War II in Washington, USA, from May 13, 1942, to October 3, 1944, after which it was re-established
in Manila on February 27, 1945. The USA turned over to a Filipino President the full powers and
responsibilities of the Commonwealth Government under the 1935 Constitution.
 15

THE GOVERNMENT UNDER

THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION
 16

THE GOVERNMENT UNDER

THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION
The Japanese military administration was established in Manila
on January 3, 1942. A civil government which was called the
Philippine Executive Commission was estab- lished with Jorge B.
Vargas as Chairman. It had legislative and executive powers but
laws enacted though were subject to approval by the
Commander-in-Chief of the Jap- anese forces. On October 14,
1943, the Japanese-sponsored Philippine Republic with Jose P.
Laurel as the President was inaugurated. The ultimate source of
authority was the Japanese administrators. It was dissolved on
Emilio Aguinaldo, 1898-
1901

The first President of the

Philippines. He led the
Filipinos in fighting against
the Spaniards and the
Americans.
Manuel L. Quezon, 1935-1944

The first Senate president elected

as President of the Philippines.
First elected in a national election.
He made Tagalog/ Filipino the
national language of the
Philippines.
Jose P. Laurel, 1943-1945

was the President of the

Philippines during the Japanese
occupation in World War II.
Sergio Osmeña, 1944-1946

He was the oldest president at 65 to

hold office. He rehabilitated the
Philippine National Bank, and the
Philippines joined International
Mone tary Fund.
Manuel Roxas, 1946-1948

The first President of the Third

Republic and during his
administration the Philippines stared
reconstructing war damages. A
military assistance pact was signed in
1947 granting the United States a 99-
year lease on designated military
Elpidio Quirino, 1948-1953

Vice President Quirino ascended to the

Presidency when Roxas died in 1948. He
ran for president in his own right in 1949
winning a four-year term. He served as the
2nd President of the Third Republic.
Noted as two objectives of his
administration were Economic recon-
struction and restoration of people's trust.
He created rural banks,
Ramon Magsaysay, 1953-1957

Ramon Magsaysay succeeded

Quirino but was not able to finish his
term as he died in a plane crash on
March 17, 1957. He was immensely
popular with the ordinary people.
Carlos P. Garcia, 1957-1961

Carlos P. Garcia, the 4th President of

the Third Republic, was known for
his "Filipino First Policy also
implemented cultural revival and
economic natinalism.
Diosdado Macapagal, 1961-1965

Diosdado Macapagal succeeded Garcia.

His administration was known for its
socio-economic programs, the abolition
of tenancy and the establishment of Land
Bank. He sought closer relations with
neighboring Asian countries. He changed
the celebration of Independence Day
from July 4 to June 12.
Ferdinand Marcos, 1965-1986

Ferdinand M. Marcos became the President in

1965 and was reelected in 1969. Marcos
declared Martial Law on September 21, 1972,
by Procla- Imation No. 1081. Marcos by virtue
of Presidential decrees curtailed press freedom,
closed down Congress and media
establishments. Opposition leaders and militant
activists were arrested including his critic
Senator Benigno Aquino, Jr.
Ferdinand Marcos, 1965-1986

And with the abolishment of the

constitutionally elected bodies, he was
regarded as a dictator who curtailed the
rights and freedoms of the people.
Marcos became the President of the
Philippines up to 1986 where he was
toppled from power by People Power 1
or the bloodless Edsa Revolution.
Corazon Aquino, 1986-1992

Corazon C. Aquino succeeded Marcos and

became the first woman president. Aquino
lacked political experience, but she survived
seven coup attempts. She was responsible for
the restoration of democratic processes and
institutions in the Philippines. The members of
the Philippine Senate in 1991 rejected the
treaty that would have allowed a 10-year
extension of the U.S. military bases in the
Philippines.
Fidel V. Ramos, 1992-1998

Fidel V. Ramos became the President

in 1992 and declared national
reconciliation. He was known for his
program "Philippines 2000" where he
attempted to make the Philippines a
"Tiger Econ- omy" of Asia. During his
administration capital punishment was
re-imposed.
Joseph Estrada, 1998-2001

Joseph Estrada, a famous movie actor, became the

President by a landslide victory in 1998. His
election campaign "ERAP para sa mahirap" won
him the votes of the masses. He was removed
from office though on January 20, 2001, by Edsa
Revolution 2 because of the controversial im-
peachment trial against him. He was tried and
convicted for Plunder and spent six years prison
but given Presidential pardon by his successor
Gloria M. Arroyo, his former Vice President
Arroyo.
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, 2001-2010

The daughter of the late President

Diosdado Macapagal, she had this
vision which she called "Sugpuin ang
Kahirapan." Her nine-year admin-
istration was marred with issues like
cheating in the Presidential election,
poverty, Expanded VAT Law, fertilizer
scam, Jueteng, and ZTE scandal
Benigno Aquino III, 2010-2016

Benigno "Noynoy Aquino, the son of

former President Cory Aquino and
national hero Ninoy Aquino ascended
to the Office of the Presidency in
2010 elections.
Rodrigo Duterte 2016-2022

Benigno "Noynoy Aquino, the son of

former President Cory Aquino and
national hero Ninoy Aquino ascended
to the Office of the Presidency in
2010 elections.
Rodrigo Duterte 2016-2022

Rodrigo Roa Duterte also known

as Digong, Rody, and by the
initials DU30 and PRRD, is a
Filipino lawyer and politician who
served as the 16th president
Ferdinand Marcos Jr 2022- Present

Ferdinand "Bongbong" Romualdez

Marcos Jr. commonly referred to by
the initials PBBM or BBM, is a
Filipino politician who is the 17th and
current president.
RUSTY GUTIEREZ 2029

RUSTY GUTIEREZ KNOWN AS

THE FIRST ADHD CASE IN
PHILILIPINES. SHE IS THE
DAUGHTER OF MARITES AND
THE NEXT PRESIDENT OF SPCF
THANK
YOU