Lecture - 7

LECTURE 7
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
AND NETWORKS
James A. O'Brien, and George Marakas

Management Information Systems
Chapter 6 Telecommunications and Networks 2
Types of Communications Networks
• Primary types of communications networks

• Wide Area Network
• Local Area Network
• Virtual Private Network
• Client/Server Network
• Peer-to-peer Network
Wide Area Network (WAN)

• Telecommunication network that covers a large
geographic area
Local Area Network (LAN)

• Connects
computers within
a limited physical
area, such as an
office, classroom,
or building
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)

Definition:
•A virtual private network, or VPN, is an encrypted connection over the
Internet from a device to a network link.
•The encrypted connection helps ensure that sensitive data is safely
transmitted.
•It prevents unauthorized people from eavesdropping on the traffic and
allows the user to conduct work remotely.
•VPN technology is widely used in corporate, private, personal
environments.
Two types of VPN:

Remote access: A remote access VPN securely connects a device
outside the corporate office. These devices are known as endpoints
and may be laptops, tablets, or smartphones.
Site-to-site: A site-to-site VPN connects the corporate office to branch
offices over the Internet. Site-to-site VPNs are used when distance
makes it impractical to have direct network connections between these
offices.
Virtual Private Network

Components of Client/Server Networks

• Clients
• End user personal computers or networked computers
• Servers
• Used to manage the networks
• Processing
• Shared between the clients and servers
• Sometimes called a two-tier architecture
• Larger computer systems are being replaced with multiple client/server
networks
Peer-to-Peer Networks
• P2P file-sharing software connects all PCs, no central server.
• When a PC requests a file, the server searches all active peers on

the network
• The server sends the requesting PC a list of links to all active peers
who have the file
• Clicking a link connects the two PCs and automatically transfers

the file to the requesting PC
Peer-to-Peer Network Diagrams

Wireless Technologies
• Bluetooth
• Short-range wireless technology
• Connects PCs to devices, such as a printer
• Fairly low cost to implement
• Other Wireless Systems

• Cellular phones
• Mobile radio
• PDAs (personal digital assistant, also known as a handheld PC, or personal data assistant, is a
mobile device that functions as a personal information manager.)
• Telecommunications networks now play vital and pervasive roles in

• Web-enabled e-business processes
• Electronic commerce
• Enterprise collaboration
• Other applications that support business operations, management,
and strategic objectives
Telecommunications Processors
• Modems
• The most common type of communications processor

• Converts a digital signal to an analog frequency that can be
transmitted over phone lines, then back into a digital signal
• Modulation and Demodulation (Modem)
• Inter-Network Processors
• Switch… makes connections between telecommunications circuits

in a network
• Router… intelligent communications processor that interconnects
networks based on different protocols
• Hub… a port-switching communications processor
• Gateway… connects networks with different communications
architectures
Communications Processors
• Multiplexer… allows a single communications channel to carry
simultaneous data transmissions from many terminals
• In Time Division Multiplexing Access (TDMA), the multiplexer
divides the time each terminal can use the high-speed into short
time slots
• Multiplexers increase the number of transmissions possible
• Does not increase the number of physical data channels
Network Topologies
• Topology - The structure of a network
• Star Network - Ties end user computers to a central computer

• Ring Network - Ties local computer processors together in a ring on
a relatively equal basis
• Bus Network - Local processors share the same communications
channel
• Mesh Network - Uses direct communications lines to connect some
or all of the computers in the ring to each other
• Switch - A message-switching computer that handles

data communication between autonomous
local computers
Network Topologies
Network Architectures and Protocols

• Protocol
• A standard set of rules and procedures for the control of
communications in a network
• Handshaking
• The process of exchanging predetermined signals and characters
• Network Architecture
• Master plan of standard protocols, hardware, software, and
interfaces between end users and computer systems
OSI and TCP/IP Models

• Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model
• A seven-layer model that serves as a standard model for network

architectures
• Model for how messages should be transmitted between two points

in a network
• Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

• A five-layer telecommunications protocol used by the Internet
• IP Address: 123.145.203.190
OSI and TCP/IP Models

Voice Over IP
• Internet Telephony
• Using an Internet connection to pass voice data using IP instead of

a telephone network
• Often referred to as voice over IP or VoIP
• Works like a regular phone, but skips long-distance charges
• Runs over standard network infrastructure
• Requires a well-configured network to work smoothly

Bandwidth
• Bandwidth
• The frequency range of a telecommunications channel that
determines the maximum transmission rate
• Speed and capacity typically measured in bits per second (bps)
• Sometimes call baud rate
• Transmission Rates
• Narrow-band = low speed
• Broadband = high speed
Transmission Speeds
Questions
1.What are the Primary types of communications networks? Explain
LAN, WAN and VPN. 4-5
2.Explain Client/Server Networks and Peer-to-Peer Networks and
sketch the diagram. 3-4
3.What are the different Telecommunications Media?2-3
4.Explain different types wireless Technologies. 2-3
5.What is Inter-Networking Process?2
6.What do you mean by Network Management Functions –explain. 2-3
7.Briefly explain Network Topologies with necessary diagram. 4-5
8.Define Modem, Bluetooth, VoIP, Multiplexer, Switch, Bandwidth.3-4

Lecture - 7

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lecture - 7

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lecture - 7

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

LECTURE 7

James A. O'Brien, and George Marakas

Types of Communications Networks

• Primary types of communications networks

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Local Area Network (LAN)

Virtual Private Networks (VPN)

Two types of VPN:

Virtual Private Network

Components of Client/Server Networks

• When a PC requests a file, the server searches all active peers on

• Clicking a link connects the two PCs and automatically transfers

Peer-to-Peer Network Diagrams

• Other Wireless Systems

• Telecommunications networks now play vital and pervasive roles in

• The most common type of communications processor

• Switch… makes connections between telecommunications circuits

• Star Network - Ties end user computers to a central computer

• Switch - A message-switching computer that handles

Network Architectures and Protocols

OSI and TCP/IP Models

• A seven-layer model that serves as a standard model for network

• Model for how messages should be transmitted between two points

• Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

OSI and TCP/IP Models

• Using an Internet connection to pass voice data using IP instead of

• Often referred to as voice over IP or VoIP

• Works like a regular phone, but skips long-distance charges

• Runs over standard network infrastructure

• Requires a well-configured network to work smoothly

You might also like