Data Analytics
Data Analytics
1
What is Data Analytics?
Descriptive analytics
- uses data to understand past and present
Predictive analytics
- analyzes past performance
Prescriptive analytics
- uses optimization techniques
DATA
- collected facts and figures
DATABASE
- collection of computer files containing data
INFORMATION
- comes from analyzing data
Records
Figure 1.1
• IBM estimates that by 2015 4.4 million jobs will be created globally to support big data
• 1.9 million of these jobs will be in the United States
Types of Data
• When collecting or gathering data we collect data from
individuals cases on particular variables.
• A variable is a unit of data collection whose value can vary.
• Variables can be defined into types according to the level of
mathematical scaling that can be carried out on the data.
• There are four types of data or levels of measurement:
1. Categorical (Nominal) 2. Ordinal
3. Interval 4. Ratio
Data for Business Analytics
Figure 1.2
Figure 1.2
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Ra
Ca
Ca
Ca
Ca ical
Ra
In
Ra
In
te
tio
te
tio
te
te
te
te
tio
tio
r
r
go
go
go
go
va
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ric
ric
ric
l
l
a
al
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Male Yes
Female No
Nominal data
Very satisfied
Somewhat satisfied
Neutral
Somewhat dissatisfied
Very dissatisfied
Interval and ratio data
• Both interval and ratio data are examples of scale data.
• Scale data:
• data is in numeric format ($50, $100, $150)
• data that can be measured on a continuous scale
• the distance between each can be observed and as a result measured
• the data can be placed in rank order.
Interval data
Model:
An abstraction or representation of a real system, idea, or object
Captures the most important features
Can be a written or verbal description, a visual display, a
mathematical formula, or a spreadsheet representation
Figure 1.3
Figure 1.7
Figure 1.8
Figure 1.9
• For example, the use of mathematical programming for revenue management is common for
organizations that have “perishable” goods (e.g., rental cars, hotel rooms, airline seats).
• Harrah’s has been using revenue management for hotel room pricing for some time.
Organizational Transformation
BI Applications
• Analysis of clickstream data
• Customer profitability analysis
• Customer segmentation analysis
• Product recommendations
• Campaign management
• Pricing
• Forecasting
• Dashboards
The Nature of the Industry
• Online retailers like Amazon.com and Overstock.com are high
volume operations who rely on analytics to compete.
• When you enter their sites a cookie is placed on your PC and all
clicks are recorded.
• Based on your clicks and any search terms, recommendation
engines decide what products to display.
• After you purchase an item, they have additional information
that is used in marketing campaigns.
• Customer segmentation analysis is used in deciding what
promotions to send you.
• How profitable you are influences how the customer care center
treats you.
• A pricing team helps set prices and decides what prices are
needed to clear out merchandise.
• Forecasting models are used to decide how many items to
order for inventory.
• Dashboards monitor all aspects of organizational performance
Analytics Help the Cincinnati Zoo Know Its Customers
• What management, organization, and technology factors were
behind the Cincinnati Zoo losing opportunities to increase
revenue?
• Why was replacing legacy point-of-sale systems and
implementing a data warehouse essential to an information
system solution?
• How did the Cincinnati Zoo benefit from business intelligence?
How did it enhance operational performance and decision
making? What role was played by predictive analytics?
• Visit the IBM Cognos Web site and describe the business
intelligence tools that would be the most useful for the
Cincinnati Zoo.
Application of analytics
By accessing data about the customer from multiple sources, such as social
media data and transaction history, companies can better segment and target
their customers and start to make personalized offers to those customers.
Walmart combines public data, social data and internal data to monitor what
customer and friends of customer are saying about a particular product
online. The retailer uses this data to send targeted messages about the
product and to share discount offers. Walmart also uses data analysis to
identify the content of an online message, such as a reference to salt is about
a movie or a condiment.
Company Industry
Walmart Retail
Predictive support
Through sensors and other machine generated data, companies can identify
when a mal function is likely to occur. The company can than pre emptively
order parts and make repairs in order to avoid down time and lost profit.
South west airlines analyze sensor data on their planes in order to identify
patterns that indicate a potential malfunction or safety issue. This allows the
airline to address potential problems and make necessary repairs without
interrupting flights or putting passengers in danger.
Company Industry