LESSON 1

FACILITATIVE LEARNER-CENTERED TEACHING

TOPICS

• Meaning
• Characteristics of learner-centered teaching
• Characteristics of learner centered learning
• Need for learner-centered approach to teaching
• Learner-centered techniques of teaching an advantages
IF YOU ARE TO CHOOSE WHICH OF THE TWO
WOULD YOU ASKED YOURSELF AND WHY?

• How can I improve my students’ learning?”

• How can I improve my teaching?”
IS
EDUCATION
FAILING OUR
STUDENT
WHY EDUCATION IS FAILING OUR STUDENTS

• The biggest challenges facing education today include the low quality of human
resources, the need to adapt to the fast-changing digital world, the discrepancy
between classroom learning and the reality outside, and the transformation brought
by new technologies. (Macro)
• Philippine Setting : Factors such as difficulties in accessing schools, lack of resources,
and outdated teaching methods contribute to this issue. Students often work at a young
age instead of attending school, perpetuating the cycle of poverty. Those who drop
out or are unable to finish school are more likely to be unemployed. (Micro)
WHAT POSSIBLE REASONS THIS SCHOOL ONLY
PASS THE PISA.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jt9KnDXudR0&pp=ygUcQmVuaWdubyBzY2hvb2
wgIHJhbmsgaW4gUElTQQ%3D%3D

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-
1t2fhyH6rE&pp=ygUcQmVuaWdubyBzY2hvb2wgIHJhbmsgaW4gUElTQQ%3D%3D
• We need to build environments that are learner centered and where the
ownership of learning is with the students. To build academic
motivation in students and drive enthusiasm is a key responsibility of
teachers on our journey to make education truly impactful and meaningful.
PARADIGM SHIFT IN EDUCATION

• makes the process of learning student-centered rather than teacher-centered. Now

students are active participants in the teaching-learning process. The curriculum is
prepared according to the age level and interests of students.
PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES
UNDERSTANDING AND IMPLEMENTING CHANGE
• Focusing greater attention on the learning process rather than on the products that learners
produce.
• Focusing greater attention on the social nature of learning rather than on students as
separate, decontextualized individuals.
• Focusing greater attention on diversity among learners and viewing these differences not as
impediments to learning but as resources to be recognized, catered to and appreciated. This shift
is known as the study of individual differences.
• Along with this emphasis on context came the idea of connecting the school with the world
beyond as a means of promoting holistic learning.
LEARNER –CENTERED TEACHING

• an approach to teaching focuses on the learners and their development

rather than on the transition of the transition of content.
• addresses the balance of power in teaching and learning.

• Towards learner actively constructing their own knowledge

• Put responsibility for learning on the learners.
LEARNER-CENTERED TEACHING

• inverting the traditional teacher centered understanding of the learning process and
putting students at the center of the learning process
Learner-centered teaching methods shift the focus of activity from the
teacher to the learners.
These methods include:
Active learning, in which students solve problems, answer questions,
formulate questions of their own, discuss, explain, debate, or brainstorm
during class.
TEACHING WITH A NON-TRADITIONAL APPROACH

• Making learning learner centered-The teacher’s role here is to facilitate this shift by
making learning more engaging and effective.
• Teaching for life, not for exams-align classroom learning with “real” world.
• Being willing to learn-Seeking to understand your students, their behaviours,
motivations and challenges is a great technique to improve their learning efficacy.
• Introducing alternate teaching methods-Alternate teaching methods would help you
gauge the approaches that your students appreciate the most.
• Accounting for all kinds types of learners- There are 7 different types of learners —
auditory, visual, verbal, logical, kinaesthetic, social and solitary. These are not exclusive,
each learner may fall in two or more of the above category. As a teacher, one must make
sure that the course content is compatible will all kinds of learners.
• Taking help from technology-technology has created ways to help them with each of
these tasks enabling them to focus their maximum time and energy on learning
WHAT IS LEARNING CRISIS IN EDUCATION?

• The learning crisis is the reality that while the majority of

children around the world attend school, a large proportion
of them are not learning
• education system needs to prepare learners for the future by endorsing essential
capabilities and employing novel teaching and learning methodologies
• There is a need to produce highly innovative graduates who can creatively apply
outside-the-box solutions to global issues .
• the transformation brought by new technologies, such as artificial intelligence and
big data analysis, is also a challenge for marketing education
• challenges require improvements in the quality of human resources, the learning
environment, and the integration of new technologies in education.
WHAT ARE THE ISSUES IN EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES 2023?

• In its 2023 State of Philippine Education Report, PBEd said the declining
mental health among students and teachers; lack of support for
teachers; culture of “mass promotion” of learners, and the lack of
proper assessments are among the most pressing issues that must be
addressed
IS THERE A LEARNING CRISIS IN PHILIPPINE EDUCATION TODAY?

• Basic education woes Increasingly unfavorable data show the Philippine

education system treading on thin ice. A World Bank (2022) report on
global learning poverty reveals that 9 in 10 Filipinos could not read
and understand a simple age-appropriate text at age 10.
• Tara Basa and now Catch Up Friday!
• Shift the focus of activity from the teacher to the learners.
• Encourages students to reflect on what they are learning and they are learning it.
• A teaching that encourages collaboration, acknowledging the classroom as a community
where everyone shares the learning agenda.

• Active learning
• Cooperative learning
• Inductive teaching and learning
CHARACTERISTICS

• Provide structure not overly directive

• Respect each learner’s point of view
• shared decision making
• Help learners’ work through difficulties and arrive at conclusion or solutions that are
satisfactory to them.
PRINCIPLES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF
LEARNER-CENTERED TEACHING
• Learner-led
• Provide scaffolds that support learners
• Learner choice
• Learner relevant
• Learner socially- culturally connected
• Learner self-expression
• Learner creativity
LEARNER-CENTERED TEACHING

• represent a paradigm shift from traditional teaching methods by focusing on how student learn
instead of how teacher teach.

• learning approach which is broadly related to and supported by constructivist theories of

learning.
• Characterized by innovative method of teaching which aim to promote learning in
communication with teachers and other learners and which take students seriously as active
participants in their own learning, fostering transferable skills such as problem solving, critical
thinking and reflective thinking.
COMPARISON OF PARADIGMS

Teacher Centered Learner centered

Knowledge is transmitted from teacher to student. Student construct knowledge through gathering
and synthesizing

Information and integrating it with the general

skill of inquiry.

Communication, critical thinking and problem

solving

Students passively receive information Students are actively involved

Emphasis is on acquisition of knowledge Emphasis is on using and communication
outside the context in which it will be used knowledge effectively to address enduring
andemerging issues and problems in real-life
context.

Instructor’s role is to be the primary information Instructor’s role is to coach and facilitate
giver
Empahsis on on the right answers Emphasis os on generating better questions
and learning from errors.

Focus is on single discipline Approach is compatible with interdisciplinary

investigation

Culture is competitive and individualistic Culture is cooperative. Collaborative and

supportive

Only students are viewed as learners Instructors and students learn together.
HOW WE DO THIS CHANGE

THE FIVE KEY CHANGES TO PRACTICE

The balance
of power

The function Evaluation

of the purpose and
content process

The
The role of responsibilit
the teacher y for
learning
• Blumberg thoroughly discusses five dimensions, or areas, of learner-centered teaching,
which are: 1) the function of content; 2) the role of the instructor; 3) the responsibility for
learning; 4) the purposes and processes of assessment, and 5) the balance of power.
• Maryellen Weimer, the five characteristics of learner-centered teaching are: 1) directly
engaging students in the hard, messy work of learning; 2) providing explicit skill
instruction; 3) encouraging students to reflect on what they are learning and how they are
learning it; 4) motivating students by giving them some ...
THE BALANCE OF THE POWER

• Faculty of Control
- content, pace, assignments, due dates, evaluation, communication
- syllabus language as evidence
- students are not capable
-faculty are capable
POWER SHARING
• Benefits
- Students gain confidence and increase feeling of ownerships of class
• Practical Sample
- Assignments selected from array of options
- syllabus development
CONTENT
• Content plays major role in instructional decisions
• common assumptions More is better
• How much content is enough
• Entry level vs advanced course
• Future uses of content
• Need to continue to learn new content
• Old understanding replaced by newer understanding (need to relearn past content)
Content Function

--Goal develop learning skills ( accessing,

organizing,evaluating) that students will use later to
understand new content
Content is used not covered

-- develop knowledge

-- develop more general learning skills

-- create learning awareness

Content Practice

-- Think developmentally- learning skills build on

one another
-- How to interpret a textbook figure

-- Make short learning activities routine

-- Take advantage of learning center professional

--Use supplementary materials

QUIZ

1. Which of the following is true of learner-centered teaching?

A. It takes students' passions seriously.
B. The teacher is not the only expert
C. It helps students help each other.
D. All of these are correct
2. Visual learners helps students store information in their memory more
effectively. What is one teaching implication of this type of learners?
A. You will not object when students daydream in class.
B. Instruct students to take notes while you lecture.
C. Encourage your students to imagine the characters and situations when
reading a story.
D. Tell them to read more illustrated comics.
3. Which is a classroom application of this principle, “Students learn more
effectively when they elaborate on new information.” Ask your students to
A. write the principle five times.
B. commit the principle to memory.
C. analyze the principle from different points of view.
D. print the principle in bigger letters then put it in a place where they can
read it time and again.
4. It is sound to encourage students to define terms in their own words because
A. defining the terms in their own words help them memorize the definition
faster.
B. students remember information better when they mentally process it in
some way.
C. this is one opportunity to brush up with their English.
D. they ought to connect the terms they learn with other terms.
5. Which of the following DOES NOT describe a teacher-centered instruction?
A. Knowledge is transmitted from teacher to students.
B. Students are actively involved.
C. Students passively receive information.
D. Only students are viewed as learners.
5. All of the following describe a learner-centered approach EXCEPT __________.
A. focus is on single discipline
B. teacher and students learn together
C. teacher's role is to coach and facilitate
D. emphasis is on generating better questions and learning from errors
6. True or False
In the learner-centered approach, students are sometimes described as
“empty vessels,” listening to and absorbing information.
A. True
B. False
7. Learning by doing highlights the importance of…….
A. Passive absorption of information through lecture and textbooks
B. Independent study and research without lectures and textbooks
C. Hands on activities, problem solving and reflection on experiences
D. Strict adherence to established rules and procedures.
5. Perennialism is the belief that:
A. schools should focus on what's everlasting.
B. teachers should only teach the classics.
C. schools should foster great conversations between students.
D. students should learn in the same ways their grandparents learned.
8. A teacher in a learner-centered classroom wants to ensure all students engage actively
in a lesson about Masining na Pagpapahayag. Which teaching method would be most
effective in achieving this goal?
A. Delivering a traditional lecture with detailed explanation and practice writing exercise.
B. Presenting a Powerpoint regarding Masining na Pagpapahayag.
C. Designing collaboration group activities where students discuss about Masining
Pagpapahayag and explain their reasoning o each other.
D. Assigning individual worksheets with practice question for independent work.
9. Which of the following teaching method are considered learner-centered?
A. Problem-based lectures
B. Teacher-led lectures
C. Memorizing-based assessment
D. Peer tutoring
10. Which of the following are key characteristics of a student-centered approach to
education?
A. It relies on a strict curriculum
B. It emphasizes collaborative determination of the subject matter
C. It primarily focuses on teacher preference
D. It places importance on exposing student to variability.
THE STATE OF
EDUCATION
POVERTY IN THE
PHILIPPINES
CHALLENGES FACING THE EDUCATIONAL
SYSTEM TODAY
The challenges facing the educational system include the need for new teaching approaches to adapt
to technological advancements and changing social behaviors
. There is a lack of interest and detachment of learners from the learning environment, requiring
[1]

the adoption of novel teaching and learning methodologies [

. The education system must bridge the gap between classroom learning and the reality outside,
2]

preparing students for a diverse and dynamic world [3]. Additionally, many countries are facing issues
such as poor-quality schools, social inequality, and insufficient education for a significant portion of the
student population [4]. The education system is also confronted with the need to adapt to rapidly
changing conditions in a global market, which has led to challenges in the transformation of values,
vision of the world, and risks from global media culture
• A quality education is essential for any child to be able to pursue their #BiggerDreams. But unfortunately, this
fundamental right can seem like a privilege to most children. This inequality has resulted in issues like
education poverty that threaten the brighter futures of our next generation of learners.

• What is Education Poverty?

• The World Bank defines education poverty as the inability of a child to read by the age of 10. Reading is
essential for any child to get through their education, and this issue can effectively hamper their progress.
Children should be able to gain this skill during their developmental years. If not addressed right away, it can
be difficult for them to learn later in life.

• What is The Current State of Education Poverty in the Philippines?

• We are currently lagging in terms of international standards when it comes to addressing education poverty.
Based on a study in 2022, we ranked at the bottom of ASEAN countries with a 90.9% education poverty rate
among students. There’s also a report that reveals only 10% to 22% of Grade 4, 5, and 9 students in the
Philippines recorded scores that were “at or above minimum proficiency.”

• What factors have led to this situation?

• At a glance, there isn’t a main problem behind these rates but rather multiple interconnected factors that have
led to educational poverty being as prevalent as it is.

1. FINANCIAL LIMITATIONS
For the majority of families, this is the main barrier preventing students from receiving a quality education.
They don’t have the privilege to consistently send their children to school, which in turn stunts their
development. There are also instances of kids leaving school prematurely so they can start working to support
their families.
• 2. LACK OF DIGITAL LITERACY
As education continues to shift to more digital forms, there’s still a huge number of Filipinos who lack access to technology essential for online
learning. Without proper training, they aren’t able to adapt to these methods as compared to a traditional classroom setting.
• 3. LACK OF SUPPORT FOR TEACHERS
At 29 students for every teacher, the Philippines has one of the highest pupil-to-teacher ratios for primary education among ASEAN countries. This
ratio has led to teachers not being able to focus on all their students’ needs, a less-than-ideal situation for quality learning.
• 4. LACK OF GOVERNMENT INVESTMENT IN PUBLIC EDUCATION
• Public schools remain the most viable for a majority of Filipino students. Unfortunately, there isn’t adequate support from the government to maintain
these institutions. From a lack of equipment to schools having to cater to larger areas, there are a lot of issues that have led to students and even
teachers not being able to properly go about their classes.
• What Can We Do as a Community To Improve This Situation?
• As a community, we can play a valuable role in reducing education poverty in the Philippines. Parents can take a more active part by filling in the
gaps their schools might miss. For those without the privilege of time to dedicate themselves to this, there are also livelihood programs and
organizations focused on helping with these kinds of issues that you can support, like My Dream in a Shoebox.
PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES

• TEACHER CENTERED
PHILOSOPHIES
 Educational essentialism is an educational philosophy
whose adherents believe that children should learn the traditional
basic subjects thoroughly. In this philosophical school of thought,
PHILOSOPHICAL the aim is to instill students with the "essentials" of academic
knowledge, enacting a back-to-basics approach.
PERSPECTIVES
Essentialism is the idea that people and things have 'natural'
TEACHER characteristics that are inherent and unchanging. Essentialism
CENTERED allows people to categorize, or put individual items or even people
PHILOSOPHIES into groups, which is an important function of our brains.
Essentialism is an educational philosophy that strives to
ensure that students acquire a common core of
knowledge in a systematic, disciplined way.
PHILOSOPHIES OF
EDUCATION
• framework for determining
broad issues and tasks, the
process of teaching and
learning, and in general, what
experiences and activities to
stress in schools and
classrooms”
ESSENTIALIS
M
• Essentialist believed it was important to increase the educational standards in Education
so that we could compete with countries. When our students were compared to students
in countries like Japan and Germany in the 1930s, our students were not as academically
competent as their counterparts. Essentialist believed this had a lot to do with the watered
down nature of the American curriculum. Therefore, Essentialists proposed a teacher-
centered approach to teaching and learning. When translated into practice, the teacher is
the one who takes primary responsibility for organizing the classroom, curriculum,
instruction, and assessment.
• According to Johnson et. al. (2011), the three basic principles of Essentialism are:
• 1) a core of information,
2) hard work and mental discipline, and
3) teacher-centered instruction.
• An example of these principles in practice would be in the “back-to-the-basics” movement that took
place in the 1970’s. This movement also emphasized:
• Holding teachers accountable for student learning.
• Providing instruction geared toward organized learning through textbooks.
• Teaching methods that center on regular assignments, homework, recitations, and testing.
• principles in practice would be in the “back-to-the-basics” movement that took place in
the 1970’s. This movement also emphasized:
• Holding teachers accountable for student learning.
• Providing instruction geared toward organized learning through textbooks.
• Teaching methods that center on regular assignments, homework, recitations, and testing.
• Perennialism is on finding universal truths
and absolutes associated with reason and faith
(Webb et. al., 2010). According to this theory
of education, truth is universal and does not
change. “Ever lasting” or something that
“returns year after year.” As implied by its
name, Perennialism is based upon the belief
that there are everlasting ideas and universal
truths. Therefore, the primary goal of
education within this philosophy is to search
for and disseminate truth.
• What is PerennialismComes from the word perennial meaning everlasting.A
very conservative and inflexible philosophy of education.A teacher-centered
philosophy that emphasizes the importance of transferring knowledge,
information, and skills from the older (presumably wiser) generation to the
younger one.Perennialism says since people are human, one should teach
first about humans, not machines or techniques.
• General Principles of Perennialism
Permanence is more real than changeHuman nature remains essentially the
same no matter the cultureThe good life-the life that is fit for man/woman to
live-remains essentially the sameMoral principles remain essentially the
sameEducation that men/women receive should remain essentially the same
• People of Perennialism
Robert HutchinsPerennialist educator who strongly believed in having
traditional liberal arts in all schoolsIntroduced the Great Books
programWanted NO extracurricular activities in schools…said they were
irrelevant to the learning processStated that textbooks “have probably done
as much to degrade the American intelligence as any single force.”Professor
and Dean at Yale Law School
• Perennialism in the Classroom
Students spend most of their time mastering the three “Rs”- reading, ‘riting, ‘rithmetic
• Greatest importance placed on reading
• Teach values and character training through discussions about underlying values and
moral principles in stories. Only elective is the choice of second language
• Schools are organized around books, ideas, and concepts
• Teach from the Great Books-works by history’s finest thinkers and writers
• Teachers do not lecture but lead and facilitate discussions
ROLE OF THE TEACHER AND STUDENT IN A
PERENIALISM PHILOSOPHIES
• Teach time-honored classics Lifelong Learner Discussion Leader…Not
Lecturer
• Role of the Student Active Thinker/Learner
ROLE OF TEACHER

• Role of Teacher – perennailism is a teacher- centered philosophy, in which the teacher is

less concerned with student interest and more concerned with transferring knowledge
from older generations to younger generations. The teacher will focus on the
importance of reading and will often use the underlying reading lessons to make a
moral point. Teachers use history, religion, literature, and the laws of science to
reinforce universal ideas that have the potential to solve any problem in any era.
CURRICULUM METHOD

• Perennialism is the classroom is focused on the curriculum and nature need.

Curriculum will focus on attaining cultural literacy, stressing students’ growth in
enduring disciplines. They stress learning through reading and analyzing the works by
history’s finest thinkers and writers. Perennialists believe that reading is to be
supplemented with mutual investigations with teacher and minimally directed
discussions through the Socratic method in order to develop historically oriented
understanding of concepts. Less emphasis on vocational and technical education and
more on the humanities.
• Teaching Tools Standardized Tests Teacher-made tests Memorization Classic
Books Classroom Management Orderly rows Neat/Clean room Strict rules
Punishment/Rewards
ACTIVITY #1
WATCHED ANY OF THE FOLLOOWIGN MOVIE AND BASED ON THESE
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

• Stand and Deliver https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N_WdXFqzvYA.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vEj9ZwIzk44&list=PLmROHLKPoemDYwkpZPur8
vzHlChG1wDAS
• The Three Idiots. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uj64UMism-g.

• Dead Poet Society. https://www.hotstar.com/id/movies/dead-poets-society/1260017844

DIRECTIONS: ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.
ANSWER MUST BE BASED ON YOUR UNDERSTANDING OF OUR DISCUSSIONS
AND IF EVER YOU HAVE TAKEN SOME IDEAS FROM RESOURCES,
ACKNOWLEDGE THEM. SUBMISSION FEB 10, 2024.

• 1. In the movie you watched, what educational philosophies does it represent? Provide
an example from the movie that represents characteristics of educational philosophies of
essentialism or Perennialism.
2. Do you think essentialism or perennialism is needed in our today’s educational
system? Why?
3. What is the main idea of the movie you watched regarding educational
characteristics for learners in the past and present?
RUBRIC:

Ideas and content….5 pts

Grammar and organization..5pts.
Total: 10 pts
REFERENCES

• Essentialism
https://kstatelibraries.pressbooks.pub/dellaperezproject/chapter/chapter-7-essentialism/.
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED593579.pdf

• Perrenialism.
https://kstatelibraries.pressbooks.pub/dellaperezproject/chapter/chapter-4-perennialism/.
https://graduatefoundationsmoduleela.wordpress.com/perennialism/