JAVA APPLETS & GRAPHICS

PROGRAMMING(10 MARKS)
JAVA APPLETS
WHAT IS AN APPLET?
 An applet is small programs that are primarily used in
Internet Computing.
 An applet is small application that is access on an
internet server, transported over the internet,
automatically installed and run as part of a web
document.
 Applets can run on any web browser that supports java
(like Microsoft Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator
and Sun’s HotJava) or by using appletviewer tool which
is included with jdk.
 Applet can be used to perform arithmetic operations,
display graphics, play sound, create animation and play
interactive games.
 To create an applet, we need to import the package such
as java.applet and java.awt & text
Click to add extend the user class with
Applet class.
 java.applet package provides the Applet class that is
used to create Applet.
 java.awt provides component class which develops
GUI components such as button, check box. It also
has paint () method that allows to print string in an
applet.
TYPES OF APPLET.
 Following are the types of applets:-
 Local Applets
 Remote Applets
 Local Applets:-
 An applet developed locally & stored in a local

system is known as local Applet.

 When web page is trying to find Local Applet, it does
not need internet connection. It simply searches
directories in local system & loads it.
 Remote Applets:-
 An applet which is developed by someone else &

stored on a remote computer connected to the

Internet.
 But in order to load, we must know the applet address
on the web known as URL & must be specified in the
applet HTML document as the value of codebase
attribute.
DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN JAVA APPLET & JAVA
APPLICATION.
APPLET LIFE CYCLE
 When Applet is loaded, it undergoes a series of changes
in its state. The states are as follows:-
 Born State or Initialization state
 Running State
 Idle State or Stopped State
 Dead State
 Born State or Initialization State
 When applet is firstly loaded, it enters into born stage.
 This initialization stage occurs only once in a life cycle
by calling init () method of applet class.
 At this stage, we may create object needed by applet,
setup variable and its initial value, set up font & color,
etc.
 Syntax of init():-

public void init ()

{
//……action;
}
 Running Stage:-
 Applets enter the running state when the system calls

start () method of Applet class.

 This occurs automatically after the applet is
initialized.
 Starting can also occurs if the applet is in idle state.
This method may be called more than once.
 Syntax of start():-

public void start ()

{
//body
}
 Idle State or Stop State:-
 An applet becomes idle when it is stopped from

running. Stopping occurs automatically when we

leave the page containing currently running applet as
by calling stop () method explicitly.
 Syntax of stop():-

public void stop ()

{
//body
}
 Dead State
 This counterpart to the initialization stage & occurs when
the system is about to remove the applet from memory.
 If the applet has resources that need to be cleaned up
before the applet exits, then it is done in by overriding the
Applet class destroy() method.
 This method occurs only once.

 Syntax of destroy():-
public void destroy ()
{
//body
}
 Display State:-
 An applet moves to display state whenever it has to
perform some output operation on the screen. This
task is achieve by using paint () method.
 Syntax of paint():-

public void paint (Graphics g)

{
//statements;
}
SKELETON OF APPLET
 When applet starts running, it overrides life cycle
method such as init (), start (), stop () & destroy ().
 This methods provides the mechanism by which the
browser or appletviewer interfaces to the applet &
controls its execution.
 The methods such as init (), start (), stop () & destroy ()
are define by applet class and paint () method is defined
by awt class components.
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class AppletSkeleton extends Applet
{
public void init () // Called First.
{
// Initialization
}
public void start ()
{
// Called Second after init () method. Also
// Start or Resume Execution called whenever applet is
restart.
}
public void stop ()
{
// Called when applet is stop from running.
// Suspend Execution
}
public void destroy ()
{
// Called when applet is terminated.
// Shutdown Applet Activities
}
public void paint (Graphics g)
{
// Called when applet window must be
// Display contain of Window restored.
}
}
<APPLET> TAG
<APPLET
CODE=applet_file.class
[CODEBASE=URL of applet code]
WIDTH = pixel
HEIGHT=pixel
[ALIGN=Alignment]
[HSPACE=pixel]
[VSPACE=pixel]
[ALT=alternet text]
>
[<PARAM NAME=”name1” VALUE=”value1”>]
[<PARAM NAME=”name2” VALUE=”value2”>]
……………
……………
</APPLET>
STEPS TO CREATE & EXECUTE AN
APPLET
Step 1: Building an Applet Code.
 Open the notepad & type the applet code & save this
file with java extension.
Ex: Hello.java
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class Hello extends Applet
{
public void paint (Graphics g)
{
g.drawString (“Welcome to
Java”, 100,200);
}
}
 Compile the applet code by using java compiler.
Ex: - javac Hello.java
 After compilation, it create an executable applet i.e.

Hello.class.
Step 2:Design a webpage.
 Design a webpage using HTML text & incorporate

<APPLET> tag into the webpage.

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Java Program</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<APPLET CODE=”Hello.class”
WIDTH=300 HEIGHT=300>
</APPLET>
</BODY>
</HTML>
 Save this file with HTML extension i.e. Hello.html in the
same directory.
Step 3:Run an applet.
 Through Web Browser :-

To run an applet, open Hello.html through any java

enabled web browser.
 Through AppletViewer:-

Applet can run by using appletviewer i.e. part of jdk.

Appletviewer is a window application run from command
prompt. When appletviewer appears the applet appears
viewer’s name window.
Ex: - C:\>appletviewer Hello.java
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class Hello extends
Applet
{
public void paint(Graphics g) to add text
Click
{
g.drawString("java",10,100);
}
}
/* <applet code="Hello.class"
width=500 height=500>
</applet> */
import java.applet.*; <html>
import java.awt.*; <body>
public class Hello5 extends
Applet
<applet
{ code="Hello5.class"
public void paint(Graphics g) width=500 height=500>
{ </applet>
g.drawString("java",10,100); </body>
} </html>
}
import java.awt.*; public void stop()
import java.applet.*;
{
/* System.out.println("Stopping an
<applet code="Applet1.class" width=400 applet");
height=200> }
</applet>
*/
public void destroy()
public class Applet1 extends Applet {
{ System.out.println("Destroying an
applet");
public void init()
{
}
System.out.println("Initializing an applet"); public void paint(Graphics g)
} {
g.drawString("Welcome",50,30);
public void start()
{
}
System.out.println("Starting an applet");
} }
<PARAM> TAG
 An <APPLET> tag in a HTML document allow to pass
parameter to the applet using <PARAM> tag.
 Each <PARAM> tag has attribute NAME & VALUE.

 Syntax:-

<APPLET CODE=”Hello.class”
WIDTH=300 HEIGHT=300>
<PARAM NAME=”name”
VALUE=”value”>
</APPLET>
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class paramtag extends Applet
{
String str;
public void init ()
{
str=getParameter (“name”);
}
public void paint (Graphics g)
{
g.drawString (str, 100,100);
}
}
 Passing parameter to an applet code using <PARAM>
tag is similar to passing parameters to the main ()
method using command line arguments.
 When an applet is loaded, parameters are pass through
an applet. So define init () method in the applet to get
hold of parameters define in the <PARAM> tag which is
done by using getParameter() method.
 getPararmeter() method takes one string argument
representing name of the parameter & return string
containing value of that parameter.
 Example:-
String s=getParameter (“name”);
/*
<APPLET CODE=”paramtag.class” WIDTH=300
HEIGHT=300>
<PARAM NAME=”name” VALUE=”Welcome
to Java”>
</APPLET>
*/
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class FirstAppletPara extends Applet
{
String str;
public void init()
{
str=getParameter("Name");
}
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
g.drawString(str,50,30);
}
}
/* <applet code="FirstAppletPara.class"
width=500 height=500>
<param name="Name" value="Suwarna">
</applet> */
import java.applet.*;
/* <applet
import java.awt.*;
public class FirstAppletParaAdd extends code="FirstAppletParaAdd.
Applet class" width=500
{
String str1,str2;
height=500>
public void init() <param name="a"
{
str1=getParameter("a");
value="5">
str2=getParameter("b"); <param name="b"
}
public void paint(Graphics g)
value="4">
{ </applet> */
int
c=Integer.parseInt(str1)+Integer.parseInt(str2)
;
String s="sum="+String.valueOf(c);
g.drawString(s,50,30);
}
}
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class AppletBal extends Applet
{
String str1;
public void init()
{
str1=getParameter("bal");
}
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
int bal=Integer.parseInt(str1);
if(bal<500)
g.drawString("low balance",50,30);
else
g.drawString("sufficient balance",50,30);
}
}
/* <applet code="AppletBal.class" width=500
height=500>
<param name="bal" value="600">
</applet> */
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class AppletLen extends Applet
{

public void paint(Graphics g)

{
String str1=this.getParameter("Uname");
int len;
len=str1.length();
String msg="Length Suwarna="+len;
g.drawString(msg,50,30);
}
}
/* <applet code="AppletLen.class" width=500
height=500>
<param name="Uname" value="Suwarna">
</applet> */
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class AppletButton extends Applet
{

Button b1=new Button("submit");

public void init()
{
add(b1);
}
}

/* <applet code="AppletButton.class"
width=500 height=500>
</applet> */
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class AppletCheckBox extends Applet
{
Checkbox cb1=new Checkbox("adhar",true);
Checkbox cb2=new Checkbox("pan",false);
public void init()
{
add(cb1);
add(cb2);
}
}

/* <applet code="AppletCheckBox.class"
width=500 height=500>
</applet> */
 GRAPHICS
PROGRAMMING
METHODS OF GRAPHIC CLASS
I] drawLine() :-

 To draw a Line, drawLine() method is used.

 The drawLine() takes two pairs of coordinates
(x1,y1) & (x2,y2) & draws the line between them.
 Syntax:-

drawLine(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2);

or
drawLine(x1,y1,x2,y2);
 Ex:- g.drawLine(10,10,50,50);
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class AppletLine extends
Applet
{
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
g.drawLine(0,0,200,100);
g.drawString("Line Demo",50,80);
}
}
/* <applet code="AppletLine.class"
width=500 height=500>
</applet> */
II] drawRect() :-
 drawRect() method is used to draw rectangle & square.
 It takes four arguments: first two represents top left corner of
rectangle & remaining two represents the width & height of
rectangle in pixels.
 To draw square. We have to put the same value for width &
height.

 Syntax :-
drawRect(int top,int left,int width,int height);
or
drawRect(x,y,w,h);
 Ex :- g.drawRect(10,60,40,30);
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class AppletRect extends Applet
{
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
g.drawRect(10,10,50,50);
g.drawRoundRect(70,30,50,30,10,10);
g.fillRect(40,100,150,100);
g.fillRoundRect(200,10,70,100,10,10);
g.drawString("Rect Demo",30,90);
}
}
/* <applet code="AppletRect.class"
width=500 height=500>
</applet> */
III] fillRect() :-
 This method is used to draw solid rectangle & square.
 It takes four arguments: first two represents top left corner
of rectangle & remaining two represents the width &
height of rectangle in pixels.
 To draw a solid (filled with color) square. We have to put
the same value for width & height.
 Syntax :-

fillRect(int top,int left,int width,int height);

or
fillRect(x,y,w,h);

 Ex :- g.fillRect(10,60,40,30);
IV] drawRoundRect() :-
 This method is used to draw rounded corner rectangle & square.
 It takes six arguments : first two represents the top left corner of
the rectangle, after that two argument represents the width &
height of rectangle in pixels, remaining two represents the
diameter of rounding corner along x-axis & y-axis.
 To draw rounded corner square. We have to put the same value
for width & height.
 Syntax :-

drawRoundRect(int top,int left,int width,int

height,int x_diameter,int y_diameter);
or
drawRoundRect(x,y,w,h,x_diameter,y_diameter);
 Ex :- g.drawRoundRect(10,60,40,30,5,5);
V] fillRoundRect() :-
 This method is used to draw solid rounded corner rectangle &
square.
 It takes six arguments: first two represents the top left corner of
the rectangle, after that two argument represents the width &
height of rectangle in pixels, remaining two represents the
diameter of rounding corner along x-axis & y-axis.
 To draw a solid (filled with color) rounded corner square. We
have to put the same value for width & height.
 Syntax :-

fillRoundRect(int top,int left,int width,int

height,int x_diameter,int y_diameter);
or
fillRoundRect(x,y,w,h,x_diameter,y_diameter);
 Ex :- g.fillRoundRect(10,60,40,30,5,5);
VI] drawOval() :-
 This method is used to draw circle & ellipse or oval.
 It takes the four argument: first two represents the top
left corner of the imaginary rectangle and the other
two represents the width & height of the oval itself.
 If the width and height are the same, then the oval
becomes a circle.
 Syntax :-

drawOval(int top,int left,int width,int height);

or
drawOval(x,y,w,h);
 Ex :- g.drawOval(10,60,40,30);
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class AppletOval extends Applet
{
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
g.drawOval(10,10,50,50);
g.fillOval(200,10,70,100);

g.drawString("Oval Demo",30,90);
}
}
/* <applet code="AppletOval.class"
width=500 height=500>
</applet> */
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class AppletCircle extends Applet
{
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
g.drawOval(50,50,100,100);
g.drawOval(40,40,120,120);
g.drawOval(30,30,140,140);

g.drawString("Circle Demo",30,90);
}
}
/* <applet code="AppletCircle.class"
width=500 height=500>
</applet> */
VII] fillOval() :-
 This method is used to draw solid (filled with color) circle
& ellipse or oval.
 It takes the four argument: first two represents the top left
corner of the imaginary rectangle and the other two
represents the width & height of the oval itself.
 If the width and height are the same, then the oval
becomes a solid circle.
 Syntax :-

fillOval(int top,int left,int width,int height);

or
fillOval(x,y,w,h);
 Ex :- g.fillOval(10,60,40,30);
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class AppletColor extends Applet
{
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
g.setColor(Color.ORANGE);
g.fillRect(10,10,50,50);
g.setColor(Color.RED);
g.fillRect(10,50,50,50);
g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
g.fillRect(10,90,50,50);

g.drawString("Color Demo",30,90);
}
}
/* <applet code="AppletColor.class"
width=500 height=500>
</applet> */
VIII] drawArc() :-
 This method is used to draw arc.
 It takes the six argument: first two represents the top left corner of
the imaginary rectangle and the third & fourth represents the width
& height of the oval itself & last two represents the starting angle of
the arc and the number of degrees (sweep angle) around arc.
 Syntax :-

drawArc(int top,int left,int width,int height,int

startingangle,int sweepingangle);
or
drawArc(x,y,w,h);
When sweeping angle is negative then it draws arc in a clockwise
direction. And when sweeping angle is positive then it draws arc
in anticlockwise direction.
 Ex :- g.drawArc(10,60,40,30,0,180);
IX] fillArc() :-
 This method is used to draw solid (filled with color) arc.
 It takes the six argument: first two represents the top left
corner of the imaginary rectangle and the third & fourth
represents the width & height of the oval itself & last two
represents the starting angle of the arc and the number of
degrees (sweep angle) around arc.
 Syntax :-

fillArc(int top,int left,int width,int height,int

startingangle,int sweepingangle);
or
fillArc(x,y,w,h);
 Ex :- g.fillArc(10,60,40,30,0,180);
X] drawPolygon() :-
 To draw polygon, the drawPolygon() method is used,
which takes three parameter as follows:
 An array of integers containing x coordinates.
 An array of integers containing y coordinates.

 An integer of total no of points.

 Syntax :-
drawPolygon(int x[ ],int y[ ],int
no_of_points);
 Ex :- drawPolygon(xp,yp,np);
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class AppletArc extends Applet
{
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
g.drawArc(100,60,100,100,0,90);
g.setColor(Color.green);
g.fillArc(100,60,55,70,0,90);

g.drawString("Arc Demo",30,90);
}
}
/* <applet code="AppletArc.class"
width=500 height=500>
</applet> */
XI] fillPolygon() :-
 To draw solid (filled with color) polygon, the
fillPolygon() method is used, which takes three
parameter as follows:
 An array of integers containing x coordinates.
 An array of integers containing y coordinates.

 An integer of total no of points.

 Syntax :-
fillPolygon(int x[ ],int y[ ],int no_of_points);
 Ex :- fillPolygon(xp,yp,np);
EXPLAIN DRAWING POLYGON WITH
SUITABLE EXAMPLE
 A polygon is a closed path or circuit which is made by
joining line segments.
 In polygon, the end of the first line is connected with the
beginning of second line, the end of the second is the
beginning of the third and so on.
 It may be consider as set of lines connected together.
 We can draw polygon of n sides using drawLine()
method as follows:
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
g.drawLine(10,20,100,200);
g.drawLine(100,200,50,60);
g.drawLine(50,60,10,20);
}
 We can also use addPoint() method to draw polygon using polygon
objects.
 Syntax :-

 Polyobj.addPoint(x,y);

 Ex :-

public void paint(Graphics g)

{
Polygon p=new polygon();
p.addPoint(20,20);
p.addPoint(120,120);
p.addPoint(220,220);
g.drawPolygon(p);
}
 We can also draw polygon by using drawPolygon() or
fillPolygon() method, which takes three parameter as follows:
 An array of integers containing x coordinates.
 An array of integers containing y coordinates.
 An integer of total no of points.
 Ex :-

public void paint(Graphics g)

{
int x[ ]={10,170,80,10};
int x[ ]={10,170,80,10};
int n= x.length;
g.drawPolygon(x,y,n);
}
import java.applet.*; g.drawString("Polygon
import java.awt.*; Demo",300,300);
public class AppletPoly extends
Applet }
{ }
public void paint(Graphics g)
/* <applet
{
code="AppletPoly.class"
int xpt[]={50,20,20,20,130};
int ypt[]={80,30,200,200,30};
width=500 height=500>
int num=5; </applet> */
g.drawPolygon(xpt,ypt,num);
g.setColor(Color.magenta);
g.fillPolygon(xpt,ypt,num);
g.setColor(Color.black);
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class AppletTri extends Applet
{
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
int xpt[]={20,100,60};
int ypt[]={60,60,10};
int num=3;
g.drawPolygon(xpt,ypt,num);
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.fillPolygon(xpt,ypt,num);
g.drawString("Triangle Demo",300,300);
}
}
/* <applet code="AppletTri.class"
width=500 height=500>
</applet> */
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class AppletSmiley extends Applet
{
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
g.drawOval(20,40,250,250);
g.drawOval(70,100,50,50);
g.drawOval(180,100,50,50);
g.drawArc(100,150,100,100,180,180);

g.drawString("Smiley Demo",300,300);
}
}
/* <applet code="AppletSmiley.class"
width=500 height=500>
</applet> */
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class AppletGround extends Applet
{
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
setBackground(Color.cyan);
setForeground(Color.red);
g.drawString("Applet",50,30);
Color newC=new Color(255,255,7);
g.setColor(newC);
g.drawString("Applet",50,70);

}
}
/* <applet code="AppletGround.class"
width=500 height=500>
</applet> */
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class AppleTextField extends
Applet
{
TextField tf=new TextField("suwarna");
public void init()
{
add(tf);
}
}

/* <applet code="AppleTextField.class"
width=500 height=500>
</applet> */
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class AppletFont extends Applet
{
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
Font f=new Font("Monotype
Corsiva",Font.BOLD,40);
g.setFont(f);

g.drawString("Applet",50,70);

}
}
/* <applet code="AppletFont.class"
width=500 height=500>
</applet> */
import java.applet.*; g.drawString(msg,30,70);
import java.awt.*; int size=f.getSize();
public class AppletFont1 extends Applet
msg="Size:"+size;
{
g.drawString(msg,30,90);
String msg="";
Font f;
int style=f.getStyle();
public void init() if((style & Font.PLAIN)==Font.PLAIN)
{ msg="Font Style:PLAIN";
f=new Font("ARIAL",Font.BOLD,12); if((style & Font.BOLD)==Font.BOLD)
setFont(f); msg="Font Style:BOLD";
} if((style & Font.ITALIC)==Font.ITALIC)
msg="Font Style:ITALIC";
public void paint(Graphics g)
g.drawString(msg,30,110);
{
f=g.getFont();
String name=f.getName(); }
msg="Font Name:"+name; }
g.drawString(msg,30,50); /* <applet code="AppletFont1.class"
String family=f.getFamily(); width=500 height=500>
msg="Font Family:"+family; </applet> */
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class AppletGround1 extends
Applet
{
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
setBackground(Color.red);
setForeground(Color.blue);
g.drawString("Applet",50,30);

}
}
/* <applet code="AppletGround1.class"
width=500 height=500>
</applet> */
/*WAP TO DISPLAY A STRING "CONCENTRIC CIRCLES" USING FONT
'ARIAL' SIZE AS 12 AND STYLE AS BOLD + ITALIC AND DISPLAY
THREE CONCENTRIC CIRCLES WITH DIFFERENT COLORS ON THE
APPLET.*/
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class AppletFontCon extends Applet
{
Font f;
public void init()
{
f=new Font("ARIAL",Font.BOLD+Font.ITALIC,12);
setFont(f);
}

public void paint(Graphics g)

{
f=g.getFont();
g.drawString("Concentric Circle",50,20);
g.setColor(Color.RED);
g.drawOval(50,50,100,100);
g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
g.drawOval(40,40,120,120);
g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
g.drawOval(30,30,140,140);

}
}
/* <applet code="AppletFontCon.class" width=500 height=500>
</applet> */
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class AppletRadioButton extends Applet
{
CheckboxGroup cbg=new CheckboxGroup();
Checkbox cb1=new Checkbox("Male",cbg,false);
Checkbox cb2=new
Checkbox("Female",cbg,true);
public void init()
{
add(cb1);
add(cb2);
}
}

/* <applet code="AppletRadioButton.class"
width=500 height=500>
</applet> */
END