Scribd
Upload
266 views31 pages

TM 61

This document describes test method AATCC 61 for evaluating the colorfastness to laundering of textile materials through an accelerated laundering process. It provides details on the test principles, definitions, apparatus, reagents, specimen preparation, test procedures, evaluation methods, and reporting requirements.

Uploaded by

datlovehoahoc123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
266 views31 pages

TM 61

This document describes test method AATCC 61 for evaluating the colorfastness to laundering of textile materials through an accelerated laundering process. It provides details on the test principles, definitions, apparatus, reagents, specimen preparation, test procedures, evaluation methods, and reporting requirements.

Uploaded by

datlovehoahoc123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 31

AATCC Test Method 61-

2013e(2020)
Colorfastness to Laundering:
Accelerated
Principle
• An accelerated test (45 minutes or less)
produces color and surface changes
similar to that produced by five hand or
home launderings.
• May NOT predict real-world staining
• Accelerated by:
– Higher temperature
– Low liquor ratio
– Stainless steel balls
Key Points

• Temperature
• Detergent solution
• Low liquor ratio
• Stainless Steel or Rubber balls
Definitions
• laundering, n. of textile materials, a process
intended to remove soils and/or stains by treatment
(washing) with an aqueous detergent solution and
normally including subsequent rinsing, extracting
and drying.

• colorfastness, n. the resistance of a material to


change in any of its color characteristics; to transfer
any of its colorants to adjacent materials or both, as a
result of the exposure of the material to any
environment that might be encountered during the
processing, testing, or storage of the material.
Limitations: Polyester/Spandex

• Note: Results for staining obtained by this method on


fabrics dyed to dark shades (navy, black, etc.) that
contain a combination of polyester and spandex, or
their blends, may not show the full staining propensity
of such fabrics in consumer use.
Accelerated Laundering Tests Correlations
% %
Test Total % Steel Rubber Test
Temp. Powder Liquid Time
No. Volume Chlorine Balls Balls Correlation
Deterg. Deterg.

5 typical careful
40C 200
1A 0.37% 0.56% None 10 0 45 min hand launderings
105F mL
@ 40±3C (105±5F)

5 typical careful
31C 150
1B* 0.37% 0.56% None 0 10 20 min hand launderings
88F mL
@ 27±3C (80±5F)

5 home machine
49C 150
2A 0.15% 0.23% None 50 0 45 min launderings @
120F mL
38±3C(100±5F)

5 home machine
71C 50
3A 0.15% 0.23% None 100 0 45 min launderings @
160F mL
60±3C(140±5F)

5 home machine
71C 50 launderings @
4A 0.15% 0.23% 0.015% 100 0 45 min
160F mL 63±3C(145±5F)
w/Bleach
5 home machine
49C 150 launderings @
5A 0.15% 0.23% 0.027% 50 0 45 min
120F mL 49±3C(120±5F)w/
Bleach
Apparatus
• Accelerated laundering machine
– Rotates closed canisters in a thermostatically controlled
environment
– Adapter plates hold canisters in machine
• Stainless steel canisters with neoprene gaskets
(black)
– Type 1 - 500 mL for 1A test
– Type 2 - 1200 mL for all other tests
• Teflon fluorocarbon gaskets (white)
• Balls
• Stainless Steel for all other tests
• Rubber balls for Test 1B*
Accelerated Laundering Machine
Type I & Type II Canisters
Apparatus

• Scales for rating test results


– Gray Scale for Color Change
– AATCC 9-step Chromatic Transference
Scale
– Gray Scale for Staining
Reagents and Materials
• Multifiber (1A, 1B, 2A, optional for 3A)
• Bleached Cotton Test Fabric (for knits; opt. for 3A
staining)
• Distilled or Deionized Water
• AATCC Standard Reference Detergent
– Powder
– With or without brightener
4A, 5A:
• Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl)
• Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) 10%
• Potassium Iodide (KI) 10%
• Sodium Thiosulfate (Na2S2O3)
Specimens
• 1A
– 50 x 100 mm (2.0 x 4.0 in)
– Attach multifiber to face
• 1B, 2A
– 50 x 150 mm (2.0 x 6.0 in)
– Attach multifiber to face
• 3A
– 50 x 150 mm (2.0 x 6.0 in)
– Heat-sealed multifiber OR White Cotton Test Cloth
• 4A, 5A
– 50 x 150 mm (2.0 x 6.0 in)
– NO staining cloth
Wool
Acrylic
Polyester
Nylon
Cotton
Acetate
Specimens
1A

1B/2A 3A 4A/5A
Special Specimens
• For knits, attach cotton test cloth to
back to prevent curling
• For pile fabrics, attach multifiber at top,
with pile pointing down
• For yarns
– Knit a specimen
or
– Attach white test fabric at each end of
skein
Specimen Preparation

• Cut sample according to test


requirements
• Attach multifiber or adjacent fabric
– Position depends on the size multifiber
being used.
– 8 mm filling bands: wool strip on right (fiber
bands parallel to lengthwise direction of the
specimen)
– 15 mm filling bands: wool strip at top to
avoid fiber loss (fiber bands parallel to the
widthwise direction of the specimen)
Detergent Solutions

•1993 AATCC Standard Reference


Powder Detergent
- With OR without optical brighteners
Detergent Solutions

• 1A, 1B: Mix 3.7 g powder detergent


(5.6 g liquid detergent) with 1 L distilled
water until dissolved

• 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A - Mix 1.5 g powder


detergent (2.3 g liquid detergent) with 1
L distilled water until dissolved
– 4A: Add 0.015% available chlorine.
– 5A: Add 0.027% available chlorine.
Chlorine Solution Titration

• 2.0 g of liquid sodium hypochlorite


• Dilute with 50 mL deionized water
• Add 10 mL 10% sulfuric acid
• Add 10 mL 10% potassium iodide (the
solution is brown)
• Titrate with 0.1N sodium thiosulfate until
colorless
Chlorine Solutions

•Calculation
% sodium hypochlorite
= (mL Na2S2O3)(0.1N)(0.03722) x 100
(2.00g NaOCl)

The factor 0.03722 is derived by multiplying the molecular weight


of NaOCl (4.45 g/mol) by 0.001 (mL to L conversion) and dividing
by 2 (mols of thiosulfate per hypochlorite).
Chlorine Solutions

4A - Prepare .0015% available chlorine


solution. For 1 L the amount of sodium
hypochlorite bleach solution to dilute is
determined by:

159.4 / % NaOCl = g of bleach to add

% NaOCl is determined by titration with


0.1N Sodium thiosulfate.
Chlorine Solutions

5A - determine the amount of stock


sodium hypochlorite bleach solution to
dilute:

4.54 / % NaOCl = grams to add

% NaOCl is determined by titration with


0.1N Sodium thiosulfate.
Final Detergent Solutions

• 1A & 1B – Add the detergent solution to


the canister (0.37%=1000mL+3.7g
powder detergent)

• 2A & 3A– Add the detergent solution to


the canister (0.15%= 1000mL+1.5g
powder detergent)
Final Detergent/Chlorine
Solutions
• 4A – Add 45 mL of detergent solution to
canister. Add 5 mL of .015% available
chlorine solution to the canister for a
total of 50 mL

• 5A – Weigh correct amount of bleach


into graduated cylinder and add
detergent solution to make a total
volume of 150 mL
Procedure

• Set temperature in laundering machine


• Add detergent (& chlorine) solution to canister
• Add stainless steel (or rubber in Option 1B) balls to
canister
• Load canister in machine
– Balance canisters on shaft
– Mount Type 1 vertically
– Mount Type 2 horizontally
• Preheat detergent solution
• Add test specimen
Procedure

• Run test
• Remove canisters after test cycle is
completed
• Empty contents into beaker
• Rinse test specimen 3 times at 40 ± 3°C for 1
minute periods
• Blot excess water
• Dry specimens in oven, air dry, or tumble dry
in nylon mesh bag
Evaluation

• Allow specimens to condition at 65 ± 5% relative


humidity and 21 ± 2°C for 1 hour before evaluating.
• Prepare specimens and multifiber for evaluation.

– Trim unraveled yarns


– Brush to remove loose fibers on specimen
surface or to restore pile
– Smooth specimen
– Align yarn specimens
Evaluation

• Evaluate the color change of the test


specimens
– Evaluation Procedure 1 using the Gray
Scale for Color Change
– Evaluation Procedure 7 can be used for
instrumental evaluation of the specimens.
Evaluation

• Evaluate the staining of multifiber or


adjacent fabric
– Evaluation Procedure 2 using the Gray
Scale for Staining.
– Evaluation Procedure 8 can be used for
evaluation of the specimens using the 9-
step Chromatic Transference Scale.
– Evaluation Procedure 12 can be used for
instrumental evaluation of the specimens.
Report

• Report the test number used

• Report the grade number determined


for the color change and staining

• State which scale was used for


evaluating staining
Report

• Report the multifiber or adjacent fabric


used

• Report the detergent used

• Report the laundering machine used

You might also like