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Measures of VariabilityA

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16 views19 pages

Measures of VariabilityA

Uploaded by

caileyandrea19
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Measures of Variability

Objectives:
After accomplishing the module, you must be
able to:
 Illustrate the measures of variability (range,
variance, standard deviation) of a statistical
data.
 Calculate the measures of variability of
ungrouped and grouped data.
The simplest way to measure the variability is
the range. Range is suitable for showing the
spread within a data set and for comparing
the spread between similar data sets. To find
the range we use the formula:

Range = maximum value – minimum value


Example:
Data Set A: 10, 9, 7, 7, 8, 9, 6, 7, 8
From the data set given above, the maximum value is 10 and the
minimum value is 6. Thus, the range of the data set is,
Range = 10 – 6 = 4
Data Set B: 35, 40, 55, 48, 25, 31, 52
From our second data set, the maximum value is 55 and the
minimum value is 25. Thus, the range of the data set is,
Range = 55 – 25 = 30
And by comparing the range of data sets, we can say that data set B
is a more spread out compared to data set A because it has a larger
range
The next measure of variability Next, we subtract the mean from
is the average deviation. This every value in our data set. Then
measure tells us how far take the absolute value of the results.
each data is from the mean. x x- X̄ |x-x̄ |
5 -1 1
The following example 5 -1 1
illustrates how to compute the 6 0 0
average deviation: 6 0 0
8 -2 2
• Example: =0 =4
• Data Set 1: 6, 8, 5, 5, 6 Lastly, solve for the average
First we need to calculate for deviation by taking the sum of the
absolute values obtained, divided by
the mean. So,
the total number of data
Another measure of Example:
variability is the variance. It Solve for the variance of the given data
measures how far a set of set below (assuming that the data set is
numbers is spread out the entire population).
from the mean. To calculate Data Set: 10, 15, 25, 10, 12, 18
the variance, we use the First, calculate the mean of the data
formula: set,

•
Next, solve for ∑(𝑥 − 𝑥̅)2 Lastly, solve for the population variance by
using the formula
To get the sum of squares,
subtract the mean from each
values, square it and add them
all. Conversely, if the data set is just a
sample of an entire population then we
x x- X̄ |x-x̄ | |x-x̄ |2
will use the formula for the sample
10 -5 5 25 variance,
10 -5 5 25
12 -3 3 9
15 0 0 0
18 3 3 9
25 10 10 100
=168
The last measure of variability
for this lesson is the square root
of the variance called the
standard deviation. It
measures the spread around
the mean making it the most
reliable measure of To get the standard deviation we’ll
variability. In symbols, just take the square root of the
variance. We have,
Grouped Data
Range
The range is the simplest measure of
variability. The range of a frequency distribution
is simply the difference between the upper
class boundary of the top interval and the lower
class boundary of the bottom interval.
Range
Illustrative Example:
Solve for range.
Range
Illustrative Example Continued:
Solution:
Upper Class Limit of the Highest Interval = 50
Upper Class Boundary of the Highest Interval = 50 + 0.5
= 50.5
Lower Class Limit of the Lowest Interval = 21
Lower Class Boundary of the Lowest Interval = 21 − 0.5
= 20.5
Range = Upper Class Boundary – Lower Class Boundary
Range = 50.5 – 20.5
Range = 30
Therefore, the range of the given data set is 30.
Variance (σ²)
 Variance is the average of the square deviation from the
mean. For large quantities, the variance is computed using
frequency distribution with columns for the midpoint value, the
product of the frequency and midpoint value for each interval;
the deviation and its square; and the product of the frequency
and the squared deviation.
 To find variance of a grouped data, use the formula:

where;
f = class frequency X = class mark
x = class mean Σf = total number of frequency
In calculating the variance, do the following
steps:
Variance (σ²)
Illustrative Example:
Find the variance of the given data set.
Variance (σ²)
Illustrative Example Continued:
Solution:
Variance (σ²)
Illustrative Example Continued:
Solution:
Standard Deviation (s)
 The standard deviation is considered the best indicator of the
degree of dispersion among the measures of variability
because it represents an average variability of the distribution.
Given the set of data, the smaller the range, the smaller the
standard deviation, the less spread is the distribution.
 To get the value of the standard deviation (s), just simply get
the square root of the variance (σ²):
Standard Deviation (s)
Illustrative Example:
Refer to the given previous example. Get the square
root of the given value of variance:

Therefore, the standard deviation of the Scores in


Second Periodical Test of I – Faith in Mathematics I is
6.23

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