EM Stylistic Devices

Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices.
Phonetic and Graphical Expressive

Means and Stylistic Devices
Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices.
Phonetic Expressive Means and Stylistic
Devices.
Graphical Expressive Means and Stylistic
Devices.
Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices
Expressiveness – a kind of intensification of an
utterance or a part of it.
Emotiveness – the emotions of writer or speaker.
Expressiveness – broader than emotiveness.
Emotiveness occupies a predominant position in
expressiveness.
There are media in language, which aim at
logical emphasis of a certain part of utterance.
They evoke no feelings but serve the purpose of
verbal actualization of the utterance.
Expressive Means – phonetic, morphological,
word-building, lexical, phraseological and
syntactical forms which exist in language-as-a-
system for the purpose of logical and/or
emotional intensification of the utterance. All
these forms have neutral synonyms.
Phonetic expressive means: pitch, melody,
stress, whispering, manner of speaking,
pauses, etc.
 Word-building expressive means: suffixes and productive
patterns of word formation.
 Lexical expressive means: words, which obtain inherent
expressiveness, perceived without any context. There are
words with emotive meaning only, words which have both
referential and emotive meaning, slang, vulgar, poetic and
archaic words, set-phrases and phraseological units.
 Morphological expressive means: grammatical forms
(tenses, pronouns, articles, modal verbs) which obtain
inherent expressiveness, perceived without any context.
 Syntactical expressive means: constructions, which reveal
a certain degree of logical and emotional emphasis.
 Stylistic Device is a conscious and intentional
intensification of some typical structure and/or semantic
property of a language unit (neutral or expressive)
promoted to a generalized status and thus becoming a
generative model. Stylistic devices function in texts as
marked units and always carry additional information.
 Most stylistic devices display an application of two

meanings: the ordinary one, which has already been
established in the language-as-a-system, and a special
meaning which is attributed to the unit by text, i.e. a
meaning which appears in the language-in-action.
Example: “The night has swallowed him up”
I. R. Galperin’s classification based on the level-

oriented approach:
Phonetic expressive means and stylistic devices.
Graphical expressive means and stylistic devices.
Lexical expressive means and stylistic devices.
Syntactical expressive means and stylistic devices.
Phonetic Expressive Means and SD
Onomatopoeia – the use of words whose sounds imitate
those of an object or action: hiss, murmur.
A message with an onomatopoeic word carries not only
the logical information, but also supplies the vivid
portrayal of the situation described.
There are two varieties of onomatopoeia:
 Direct onomatopoeia – words that imitate natural
sounds, e.g. ding-dong, burr, bang, cuckoo.
 Indirect onomatopoeia – a combination of sounds the
aim of which is to make the sound of the utterance an
echo of its sense.
And the silken, sad, uncertain rustling of each purple
curtain.
Phonetic Expressive Means and SD
 Alliteration – the repetition of consonants, usually in the
beginning of words, e.g., Muck and money go together;
Safe and sound.
 Assonance – the repetition of similar vowels, usually in
stressed syllables. e.g. Dreadful young creatures –
squealing and squawking.
 Rhyme is the repetition of identical or similar terminal
sound combination of words. Rhyming words are generally
placed at a regular distance from each other. In verse they
are usually placed at the end of the corresponding lines.
 Rhythm is the pattern of interchange of strong and weak
segments. It's a regular recurrence of stressed and
unstressed syllables that make a poetic text.
Graphical Expressive Means and SD
Sound is foregrounded mainly through the
change of its accepted graphical
representation. This intentional violation of
the graphical shape of a word used to reflect
its authentic pronunciation is called
graphon.
Graphon – effective means of supplying
information about the speaker's origin,
social and educational background, physical
or emotional condition, etc.
The main functions of graphon are:
to express the author's attitude to the characters, e.g.
butler Yellowplush impresses his listeners with the
learned words pronouncing them as "sellybrated"
(celebrated), "bennyviolent" (benevolent).
to show the physical defects of the speakers, e.g. the
stuttering "The b-b-b-b-bas-tud - he seen me c--c-c-
c-coming“,
to convey the atmosphere of authentic live
communication, of the informality of the speech act,
e.g. "gimme" (give me), "lemme" (let me), "gonna"
(going to), "gotta" (got to), etc.
Graphical changes may reflect not only the
peculiarities of pronunciation, but are also used
to convey the intensity of the stress, emphasizing
and thus foregrounding the stressed words.
To such purely graphical means we should refer
all changes of the type (italics, capitalization),
spacing of graphemes (hyphenation,
multiplication) and of lines, e.g. “Help. Help.
HELP”; “He was grinning like a chim-pan-
zee”; “Alllll aboarrrrrd”.

EM Stylistic Devices

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

EM Stylistic Devices

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

EM Stylistic Devices

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Expressive Means and Stylistic Devices.

Phonetic and Graphical Expressive

 Most stylistic devices display an application of two

I. R. Galperin’s classification based on the level-

You might also like