Geometry

GEOMETRY
jee·aa·muh·tree
Geometry
• The branch of mathematics that is concerned with the
properties and relationships of: - points, lines, angles,
curves, surfaces, and solids.
• The visual study of shapes, sizes, patterns, and positions

It also includes properties of
two and three dimensional
figures and their
relationships, spatial
visualization, reasoning and
geometric modelling, and
proofs.
BASIC
CONCEPTS Lines
How it all started
Rays
Angles
LINES!
Different Types
• Line
• Line Segment
• Ray
• Perpendicular
• Parallel
• Intersecting
RAY
A ray is part of a line, has
one fixed endpoint, and
extends infinitely along the
line from the endpoint.
Opposite math rays are rays
with a common endpoint,
extending in opposite
directions and forming a line.
ANGLES
Different Types
• Zero angle
• Acute Angle
• Right Angle
• Obtuse Angle
• Straight Angles
• Supplementary Angles
• Complimentary Angles
GEOMETRY
K-3 4-6 7-10
(parallel and perpendicular (polygons, axiomatic
(2-dimensional and 3- lines, angles, triangles, structure of geometry,
dimensional objects, lines, quadrilaterals, polygons,
triangle congruence,
symmetry, and tessellation) circles, and solid figures)
inequality and similarity,
and basic trigonometry)
THANK YOU!
Princess Kyra V. Rebula
Eva Mae Masiglat
Michelle Angelica Pinzon
Bachelor of Elementary Education 1

PATTERNS AND
ALGEBRA
PATTERNS
- The list of numbers that are arranged using specific
rules is called a pattern.
-In Mathematics, a pattern is a repeated arrangement
of numbers, shapes, colours and so on. The Pattern
can be related to any type of event or object. If the
set of numbers are related to each other in a specific
rule, then the rule or manner is called a pattern.
Sometimes, patterns are also known as a sequence.
Patterns are finite or infinite in numbers
.
Lesson 1
Patterns and Sequence
A sequence is a set of numbers that follows a pattern.
Each number in a sequence is a term. In some
sequences, we can find each term by adding or
subtracting a fixed number called the common
difference to the previous term. We can start with any
number, but the difference between consecutive term
must always be the same.
Example 1: Write a rule to describe the sequence 27,
23, 19, 16, … and find the next two terms.
Solution: We need to get the common difference first.

27, 23, 19, 15
-4 -4 -4
The rule is we subtract 4 repeatedly. So, to get the next two
terms, we have
15-4=11
11-4=7
Therefore, the next two terms in the sequence are 11 and 7.
There are some patterns where addition and subtraction are

not used. Sometimes we need to multiply or divide.
Example 2: Find the next 2 terms in the sequence 8, 16, 32,

64, …
8, 16, 32, 64
x2 x2 x2
Solution: The rule is we multiply by 2 repeatedly. To get the
next term, we have
64x2=128
128x2=256
Therefore, the next two terms are 128 and 256.
Example 3: Complete the table for each value of x using the

rule of 5x+1=y.
x 1 2 3 4 5 6
Apply the 5x1+1 5x2+1 5x3+1 5x4+1 5x5+1 5x6+1
rule
y 6 11 16 21 26 31
Algebra
-It is the branch of Mathematics which uses
alphabetical letters to find unknown numbers.
These letters are also called variables. The values
which are known in the given expression such as
numbers are called constants.
Lesson 2
Algebraic Expression
In basic mathematics, we learned how to use symbols and the four
basic operations addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division (+,
-, x, ÷) to form algebraic expressions, to represent relation among
different quantities.
Suppose that the letters h and k represent any 2 numbers.
1. Addition – “Add h to k” or “ the sum of h and k” can be
represented as “h + k.”
2. Subtraction – “subtract k from h” or “h minus k ” can be
represented as “h – k”
3. Multiplication – “multiply h by k,” “the product of h and k,” “h
times k” can be represented as “h x k” or “hk.”
A. Whenever an unknown is multiplied by another unknown (or a number),
the order of multiplication can be interchange. For example, hk = kh.
B. Whenever an unknown is multiplied by a number, the number should be
written first, such as 6h and 4k.
4. Division – “divide h by k” can be represented as “h / k.”
Note: In algebraic expression, uppercase letters and lowercase letters
represent different numbers. For example, 3+ A= 3 + a.
Example 1: Write an algebraic expression for each of the following word
sentences.
a. Multiply 8 by the sum of h and k.
b. First, subtract 4 from m, then divide the result by n.
Solution: a. Since the sum of h and k is h + k, then the required result is 8 x
(h + k) or 8( h + k)
b. Since the result of subtracting 4 from m is m – 4, then the required result
is m – 4 / n.
In algebraic expression, each part separated by the symbols + or – is called a
term. If two terms in an expression contain the same unknown(s), they are
called like terms.
For example, in the expression

2p – 5q + p + 3
2p, -5q, p, and 3 are terms. The terms 2p and p, which both contain only one
unknown p, are like terms.
To simplify an algebraic expression, we should

1. Remove the x and + signs.
For example, a x b + c = ab/c,
2. Add or subtract the like terms.
For example, 3x + 2x = (x + x + x) + (x + x) = 5x or
4y – 3y = (y + y + y + y) – (y + y + y) = y.
Example 2:
Simplify the expression 5 x c x d + d x 2 ÷ 3 – 3cd.
Solution: 5 x c x d + d x 2 ÷ 3 – 3cd = 5c x d + 2d ÷ 3 - 3cd

= 5cd + 2d/ 3 – 3cd
= 5cd – 3cd + 2d/3
= 2cd + 2d/3
A. Express each of the word sentences in an
algebraic expression.
Word Sentences Algebraic Expression
1. Add 10 to p.
2. Subtract q from p.
3. Multiply p by q.
4. Divide 20 by p.
5. 8 times of p.
6. The sum of p and q.
B. Express each of the following through
expressions in words or phrases.
Algebraic Expression Word Sentences
1. a + b
2. b - c
3. 8b
4. c/10
C. Simplify the expressions given.
1. px9
2. 16 ÷ p
3. m x 7n
4. 2p x 5q
5. 4r x p x 2q
6. 2s x 3t + 6t ÷ 3
THANK YOU PO!
Jessica P. Villegas
Mary Rose A. Gallardo
Bachelor of Elementary Education 1

Geometry

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GEOMETRY

• The visual study of shapes, sizes, patterns, and positions

Bachelor of Elementary Education 1

Solution: We need to get the common difference first.

There are some patterns where addition and subtraction are

Example 2: Find the next 2 terms in the sequence 8, 16, 32,

Example 3: Complete the table for each value of x using the

For example, in the expression

To simplify an algebraic expression, we should

Simplify the expression 5 x c x d + d x 2 ÷ 3 – 3cd.

Solution: 5 x c x d + d x 2 ÷ 3 – 3cd = 5c x d + 2d ÷ 3 - 3cd

Algebraic Expression Word Sentences

Bachelor of Elementary Education 1

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