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    Involuntary Movement

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    fatimanasir2266

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    Involuntary Movement

    Uploaded by

    fatimanasir2266
    5 views17 pages

    Original Title

    3. Involuntary Movement

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    5 views17 pages

    Involuntary Movement

    Uploaded by

    fatimanasir2266

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    INVOLUNTARY

    MOVEMENT
    By: Dr Arfa Zafar
    DPT, MS-OMPT*
    Demonstrator-MIHS
    REFLEX MOVEMENT
    ◦ Involuntary
    ◦ “Motor response to sensory stimulus”
    ◦ Protective in character
    ◦ Concerned with the repetition of movement patterns which have become
    automatic or habitual.
    ◦ Although the stimuli which give rise to reflex movement do not usually gain
    conscious recognition the patient is aware that reflex movement of the body
    have taken place.
    REFLEX ARC
    ◦ Pathway of impulses which give rise to reflex activity.
    ◦ Consist of two neurons:
     Afferent neuron: Leads from sensory organ to CNS
     Efferent neuron: Leading from CNS to effector organ (muscle fiber)
    oSometimes consist of chain of neurons
    ◦ Reflex actions are rapid and happen without us thinking. For example, you
    would pull your hand away from a hot flame without thinking about it.
    oReflex activity can be stimulated and used to improve or facilitate movement
    or maintenance of posture
    ◦ When a receptor is stimulated, it sends a signal to the central nervous
    system, where the brain co-ordinates the response. But sometimes a very
    quick response is needed, one that does not need the involvement of the
    brain. This is a reflex action.
    STRETCH REFLEX
    ◦ This is a spinal reflex activated by stretching a muscle.
    ◦ When an innervated muscle is stretched it responds by contracting and developing tension
    to counteract the stretching force;
    ◦ This provides a a means of promoting activity in muscles when voluntary effort is
    ineffective or too weak.
    ◦ Quick stretching stimulates muscle spindles which reach the A.H.C’s by monosynaptic
    pathways.
    ◦ Tension in contracting muscle is increased by the application of a resisting force and the
    quality of contraction is improved.
    ◦ Contraction of muscles in response to stretch is accompanied by a reciprocal inhibition of
    antagonistic muscles to permit movement.
    RIGHTING REFLEXES
    ◦ These are a series of reflexes concerned with the maintenance and restoration
    of equilibrium.
    ◦ Pushing the patient off the balance elicits a series of mass movements designed
    to restore balance and save from falling.
    ◦ They consist of a chain of reactions following one another in an orderly
    sequence.
    ◦ ASSIGNMENT
    WRITE A DETAILED NOTE ON THE RIGHTING REFLEX, INCLUDING
    ITS TYPES.
    ◦ Head righting reflex
    ◦ Body righting reflex
    ◦ Neck righting reflex
    ◦ Limbs righting reflex
    ◦ Optical righting reflex
    POSTURAL REFLEX
    ◦ The erect posture is maintained by a complex series of reflexes known
    collectively as postural reflexes.
    EFFECTS AND USES OF REFLEX
    MOVEMENTS
    1. The initiation of reflex movement provides a means of promoting activity of
    the neuromuscular mechanism when voluntary effort is ineffective for the
    purpose. It is used in cases of flaccid paralysis and brain damage to facilitate
    the initiation of movement and to combat the effects of inactivity.
    2. Normal joint movement and the extensibility of muscles is
    maintained by this movement when spastic paralysis makes
    voluntary movement impossible.

    3. Circulation is improved by contraction of muscles and movement


    of joints achieved during these movements.
    4. Temporary relaxation of spastic muscles
    is obtained following repeated movements
    of this type by means of reciprocal
    inhibition. This may provide the
    opportunity for the development of
    voluntary ability to perform movement in
    cases of spastic paralysis.
    5. Postural reflexes are
    conditioned to reproduce a
    satisfactory pattern of posture by
    repeated use of these patterns.
    This is the basis of postural re-
    education.

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