Lec 3
Lec 3
Lec 3
Lecture 03
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The Decision-Making Process
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Need for Prioritization
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Requirements Prioritization
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Requirements Prioritization
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Benefits of Requirements Prioritization
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Benefits of Requirements Prioritization
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Benefits of Requirements Prioritization
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Benefits of Requirements Prioritization
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Requirements Prioritization
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Requirements Prioritization
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Prioritization Process
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Prioritization Methods
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Negotiation Approaches
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• In addition, one must be mindful of the social
nature of prioritization. There is more to
requirements prioritization than simply asking
stakeholders about priorities
• Stakeholders play roles and should act
according to the goals of that roles, but they are
also individuals with personalities and personal
agendas, and there are organizational issues
also
• These issues must be addressed while
prioritizing requirements
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Aspects of Prioritization
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Aspects of Prioritization
• Importance
• The stakeholders should prioritize which
requirements are most important for the
system. Importance is multifaceted, and
could be urgency of implementation,
importance for product architecture, strategic
importance
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Aspects of Prioritization
• Penalty
• It is possible to evaluate the penalty that is
introduced if a requirement is not fulfilled.
Penalty is not just the opposite of importance
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Aspects of Prioritization
• Cost
• The implementation cost is usually estimated
by the developing organization. Measures
that influence cost include: complexity of the
requirement, the ability to reuse existing
code, the amount of testing and
documentation needed
• Cost is often expressed in terms of staff
hours
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Aspects of Prioritization
• Time
• Time is influenced by many other factors
such as degree of parallelism in
development, training needs, need to
develop support infrastructure, complete
industry standards
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Aspects of Prioritization
• Risk
• Every project carries some amount of risk
• Volatility
• Volatility of requirements is considered a risk
factor and is sometimes handled as part of
the risk aspect. A point of view is to handle
them separately
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Aspects of Prioritization
• Other aspects
• Financial benefit, strategic benefit,
competitors, competence/resources, release
theme, ability to sell
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Prioritization Techniques
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Prioritization Techniques
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Prioritization Techniques
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Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
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Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
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100-Dollar Test
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Numerical Assignment (Grouping)
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Numerical Assignment (Grouping)
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Ranking
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Top-Ten Requirements
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Top-Ten Requirements
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Summary of Presented Techniques
• AHP
• Scale: Ratio
• Granularity: Fine
• Sophistication: Very Complex
• 100 Dollar Test
• Scale: Ratio
• Granularity: Fine
• Sophistication: Complex
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Summary of Presented Techniques
• Ranking
• Scale: Ordinal
• Granularity: Medium
• Sophistication: Easy
• Numerical Assignment
• Scale: Ordinal
• Granularity: Coarse
• Sophistication: Very Easy
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Summary of Presented Techniques
• Top-Ten
• Scale: -
• Granularity: Extremely Coarse
• Sophistication: Extremely Easy
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Hints and Tips on Requirements
Prioritization
• A general advice is to use the simplest
appropriate prioritization technique and
use more sophisticated ones when a
more sensitive analysis is needed for
resolving disagreements or to support the
most critical decisions
• More sophisticated techniques, generally,
are more time consuming, the simplest
possible technique ensures cost effective
decisions
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Hints and Tips on Requirements
Prioritization
• The trade-off is to decide exactly how “quick
and dirty” the approach can be without letting
the quality of the decisions suffer
• Commercial tools are available that facilitate
the use of sophisticated techniques
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Involvement of Stakeholders
• One Customer
• Several Known Customers
• Mass Market
• Concept of personas
• Perspectives of customers, developers, and financial
representatives
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Requirements Prioritization Issues
• Abstraction level
• Reprioritization
• Non-functional requirements
• Introducing prioritization into an
organization
• Evaluating prioritization
• Using the results of requirements
prioritization
Home Task
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