Rubber Lining

Rubber Lining
What is Rubber lining??
Rubber Lining application method to protect surface

by lining corrosion and abrasion-resistant rubber
Rubbers elastomeric polymers consisting of long chain

macromolecules
mixing with suitable reactants that form strong chemical
bonds
change from a soft deformable substance into an elastic
material.
Rubber selection criteria
– service conditions
• pressure,
• temperature,
• medium, etc.
– design
– manufacturing method
Types of Rubber
(commonly used in refineries)
– Isoprene or natural rubber (NR)

– Chloroprene rubber (CR) / Neoprene Rubber
– Butyl rubber (IIR)
– Nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR)
Properties of Rubbers
Types Temp. range Hardness Remarks
Natural rubber -30 °C to +100 °C Shore A 55 (soft • bond strength of NR linings on steel is
(NR) rubber) Shore D 75 excellent.
(hard rubber) • suitable for handling HCl
• excellent tear & abrasion resistance
Chloroprene -20 °C to +100 °C ~ Shore A 60 • resistant to ozone and sunlight,
rubber (CR) / • resistant to oils and chlorine
Neoprene Rubber
Butyl rubbers (IIR, -30 °C to +120 °C Shore A 55 to A 60 • good tolerance to HCl at high temp.,
BIIR, CIIR) • resistant to ozone and sunlight,
• animal and vegetable oils,
• water, alcohols, ketones and acids
Nitrile butadiene -20 °C to +110 °C ~ Shore A 60 • resistant to petroleum-based hydraulic
rubber (NBR) and lubricating oils,
• vegetable oils, acetylene, alcohols,
• water, alkalis and fuel oils
Soft & Hard Rubber
Soft Rubber Hard Rubber

vulcanizing agents - low proportion of vulcanizing agents - high proportion of
cross links cross links like Ebonites
accommodate major deformation, applied to rigid structures
vibrations
elastic over a large temperature range sensitive to large temperature
fluctuations
Hardness - expressed in Shore A Hardness - expressed in Shore D
(>Shore D 60)
can be produced from NR or blends,
e.g. NR/IR, NR/SBR and NR/IR/SBR
Vulcanization
Chemical reaction results in final polymerized product.

•Within the molecules, chemically active sites exist by means of which the
chains can be interlinked.
•Most common vulcanizing agent is sulphur.
Vulcanization
methods:
a) Autoclave vulcanization,
b) Using equipment as its own autoclave,
c) Steam or hot air vulcanization at ambient pressure,
d) Hot water vulcanization, and
e) Self vulcanization at ambient temperature.
Length of pipes to be used
Nominal Pipe Size (mm) Maximum Length Between Flanges

(mm)
25 (1’) 2000
32 (1.25’) 2500
40 (1.5’) 3000
50 (2’) 3500
65 (2.5’) 4000
80-600 (3’-23.5’) 6000

PIPEWORK DETAILS
(a) (e)
(b) (f)
(g)
(c)
(d) (f)
Butt Weld Details
TYPE OF JOINTS
Overlap scarf joint : The edges

shall be bevelled at 30° to 35°
minimum of four times the

sheet thickness
Simple scarf joint : The edges shall be

bevelled at 40° to 50°
Cover straps : The edges shall be

bevelled at 30° to 35°
What to be done to avoid defects??
All surfaces shall be blast cleaned and of smooth contour.
Discontinuities, crevices and sharp projections shall be avoided.
Branches and outlets shall be as short as possible and flanged.
Stitch welding, spot welding & other non-continuous welding processes shall not
be used.
Welds shall be free from Undercuts, Cracks, Porosity, any other type of surface
cavity, and Lack of fusion.
MAINTENANCE
End of the first year of service
Visual inspection, supplemented by hardness tests using a hand meter
If blisters or other evidence of failure are discovered then an spark test is essential
If condition is satisfactory and it is not subject to statutory inspection,
next inspect can be done after 5 years or during maintenance
To remove solid deposits, use of metal spades or other tools is to be

avoided. Wooden or lined implements should be used.
Natural -30 °C to +100 °C Shore A 55 (soft • bond strength of NR linings on steel is
rubber (NR) rubber) Shore D excellent.
75 (hard rubber) • suitable for handling HCl
Synthetic -Do- -Do- -Do-/

isoprene •alternative form of NR
rubber (IR)
Styrene- -30 °C to +80 °C Shore A 55 (soft • used for automotive brake fluids,
butadiene rubber) Shore D • alcohols,
rubber (SBR) 75 (hard rubber) • mixtures of alcohol and water
Chloroprene -20 °C to +100 °C ~ Shore A 60 • resistant to ozone and sunlight,

rubber (CR) • resistant to oils and chlorine
Butyl rubbers -30 °C to +120 °C Shore A 55 to A 60 • good tolerance to HCl,
(IIR, BIIR, CIIR) • resistant to ozone and sunlight,
• non-flammable hydraulic fluids,
• animal and vegetable oils,
• water, alcohols, ketones and acids
Nitrile -20 °C to +110 °C ~ Shore A 60 resistant to petroleum-based hydraulic and lubricating
butadiene oils, vegetable oils, acetylene, alcohols, water, alkalis
rubber (NBR) and fuel oils
Ethylene -30 °C to +110 °C Shore A 40 resistant to ozone and sunlight, oxidizing chemicals,
propylene to A 80 non-flammable hydraulic fluids, pure aniline, fire
rubbers extinguisher liquids, acids, hot water and steam
(EPDM / EPR)
Urethane -40 °C to +50 °C Shore A 50 excellent wear/erosion resistance and is chemically
rubber (UR) to A 80 resistant to mineral oils, fuels and ozone.
Urethane rubber should not be used for concentrated
acids, ketones or chlorinated hydrocarbons
Chlorosulphon -5 °C to +105 °C ~ Shore A 60 highly wear-resistant synthetic rubber with excellent
ated resistance to heat, ozone sunlight, oxidising media,
polyethylene sodium hypochlorite and sulphuric acid
(CSM)
Fluoro- -20 °C to +230 °C Shore A 60 suitable for both high-temperature and vacuum
elastomers to A 90 applications. Excellent resistance to oils, fuels,
(FKM) lubricants, carbon tetrachloride, most concentrated
acids and many aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons
such as toluenes, benzene and xylene
Thank you

Rubber Lining

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Rubber Lining

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Rubber Lining

What is Rubber lining??

Rubber Lining application method to protect surface

Rubbers elastomeric polymers consisting of long chain

– Isoprene or natural rubber (NR)

Soft Rubber Hard Rubber

Chemical reaction results in final polymerized product.

Nominal Pipe Size (mm) Maximum Length Between Flanges

80-600 (3’-23.5’) 6000

Overlap scarf joint : The edges

minimum of four times the

Simple scarf joint : The edges shall be

Cover straps : The edges shall be

All surfaces shall be blast cleaned and of smooth contour.

Discontinuities, crevices and sharp projections shall be avoided.

Branches and outlets shall be as short as possible and flanged.

Visual inspection, supplemented by hardness tests using a hand meter

If condition is satisfactory and it is not subject to statutory inspection,

next inspect can be done after 5 years or during maintenance

To remove solid deposits, use of metal spades or other tools is to be

Synthetic -Do- -Do- -Do-/

Chloroprene -20 °C to +100 °C ~ Shore A 60 • resistant to ozone and sunlight,

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