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Knowledge Based Agents

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28 views9 pages

Knowledge Based Agents

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EAGLE FF
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Knowledge based agents

Module No. 3 Knowledge Representation 8 Hours

Knowledge based agents- Prepositional Logic- First Order logic-


Inferences
Reasoning

• Humans, it seems, know things; and what they know helps them do things.
• not by purely reflex mechanisms but by processes of reasoning that operate on
internal representations of knowledge
• In AI, this approach to intelligence is embodied in knowledge-based agents.
• In a partially observable environment, an agent’s only choice for representing
what it knows about the current state is to list all possible concrete states
• we develop logic as a general class of representations to support knowledge-based
agents.
Knowledge-based Agents
• Knowledge-based agents can accept new tasks in the form of explicitly described
goals; they can achieve competence quickly by being told or learning new
knowledge about the environment; and they can adapt to changes in the
environment by updating the relevant knowledge
• A knowledge base is a set of sentences Here “sentence” is used as a technical
term. It is related but not identical to the sentences of English and other natural
languages.
• Each sentence is expressed in a language called a knowledge representation
language and represents some assertion about the world.
• Sometimes we dignify a sentence with the name axiom, when the sentence is
taken as given without being derived from other sentences.
Knowledge-based Agents
Knowledge-based Agents
• Inference:
• Tell: to add new sentences to the knowledge base
• Ask: a way to query what is known
• The agent maintains a knowledge base, KB, which may initially contain some background knowledge.
Knowledge-based Agents
When Agent program is called:
• First, it TELLs the knowledge base what it perceives.
• Second, it ASKs the knowledge base what action it should perform. In the
process of answering this query, extensive reasoning may be done about the
current state of the world, about the outcomes of possible action sequences,
and so on.
• Third, the agent program TELLs the knowledge base which action was chosen,
and the agent executes the action.
• The details of the representation language are hidden inside three
functions that implement the interface between the sensors and
actuators on one side and the core representation and reasoning system
on the other.
Knowledge-based Agents

• The details of the representation language are hidden inside three


functions that implement the interface between the sensors and
actuators on one side and the core representation and reasoning system
on the other
• MAKE-PERCEPT-SENTENCE constructs a sentence asserting that
the agent perceived the given percept at the given time.
• MAKE-ACTION-QUERY constructs a sentence that asks what action
should be done at the current time.
• MAKE-ACTION-SENTENCE constructs a sentence asserting that the
chosen action was executed
Knowledge-based Agents

• The knowledge-based
agent is not an arbitrary
program for calculating
actions.
• Knowledge level  we
need specify only what the
agent knows and what its
goals are, in order to fix its
behaviour.
• Analysis is independent of
how the taxi works at the
implementation level
Knowledge-based Agents

• A knowledge-based agent can be built simply by TELLing it what it


needs to know.
• Starting with an empty knowledge base, the agent designer can TELL
sentences one by one until the agent knows how to operate in its
environment. This is called the declarative approach to system
building.

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