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Q2 Lesson 3

The document discusses strategies and techniques for data analysis and inferring patterns from qualitative data, including thematic analysis, qualitative data analysis, and techniques like repetitions, indigenous categories, keywords-in-context, compare and contrast, and social science queries. It provides examples of each technique and discusses the process of coding, searching for themes, reviewing themes, and writing conclusions.

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Junilyn Samoya
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70 views41 pages

Q2 Lesson 3

The document discusses strategies and techniques for data analysis and inferring patterns from qualitative data, including thematic analysis, qualitative data analysis, and techniques like repetitions, indigenous categories, keywords-in-context, compare and contrast, and social science queries. It provides examples of each technique and discusses the process of coding, searching for themes, reviewing themes, and writing conclusions.

Uploaded by

Junilyn Samoya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data

Analysi
s
Prepared by:
Junilyn Samoya-Zozobrado
Objective:
infer and explain
patterns and themes
from data.
When you see or hear the word
“pattern”, what comes into
your mind?
Mayari was walking home from
school. When she saw that the skies
were getting grey, she started to run
to their house. Why do you think
Mayari started to run to their house
when the skies were getting grey?
Hiraya kept on playing games on her
phone until midnight. When she woke up,
it was already 7:00a.m and school is
around 20 minutes away from her house.
What do you think will happen to Hiraya?
When you see or hear the
word “themes”, what comes
into your mind?
What is
Inferring?
Inferring
the process of deriving to an
idea or a conclusion based as proponents, will
on preceding facts or data. interpret data and give
your inferences and
explanation depending
using observation on the patterns and
and background to themes of the data you
reach a logical gathered
conclusion
Suppose your research
paper is efficiency of
Facebook as a platform for
What will be online classes. Your
respondents are senior high
your school students between the
ages of 15-19 and most
inference? answered that Facebook is
more effective than other
social media platforms in
terms of online classes.
Your inference For you to be able to
will depend on infer and explain
the majority of data, there must be
the answers patterns and themes
that occur in the
based on the information that you
collected data. gathered.
What are
Patterns and
Themes from
Data?
People are oftentimes drawn
into patterns and themes for
uniformity and easy
distinction.
Patterns
may also be
these are repeated actions
repeated that are done
sequences regularly, hence
or designs becoming patterns
Theme
generated when similar issues and labeled by a word or expression
ideas expressed by participants within taken directly from the data or by one
qualitative data are brought together created by the researcher because it
by the researcher into a single seems to best characterize the essence of
category or cluster what is being said
Strategies to
Infer and
Explain Data
In qualitative research, there are
two ways to infer and explain data.
These are Thematic Analysis and
Qualitative Data Analysis
(QDA).
Thematic Analysis
a foundational method a step-by-step
of analysis that process which were
needed to be defined
and described to
then identified by
solidify its place in Braun and Clarke
qualitative research.
1. Familiarization with the
data:
This phase involves reading and re-
reading the data, to become immersed
and intimately familiar with its content.
2. Coding:
involves generating involves coding the entire
succinct labels (codes!) dataset, and after that,
that identify important collating all the codes
features of the data that and all relevant data
might be relevant to extracts, together for
answering the research later stages of analysis.
question.
3. Searching for themes:
examining the codes collating data relevant to
and collated data to each candidate theme, so
that you can work with
identify significant
the data and review the
broader patterns of
viability of each
meaning (potential
candidate theme
themes)
4. Reviewing themes:
checking the candidate themes are typically
themes against the refined, which
dataset, to determine that sometimes involves
they tell a convincing them being split,
story of the data, and one
that answers the research
combined, or
question. discarded.
5. Defining and naming themes:
developing a detailed
analysis of each theme, involves deciding on an
working out the scope informative name for
and focus of each theme, each theme.
determining the ‘story’
of each
6. Writing up:
This final phase involves weaving
together the analytic narrative and data
extracts, and contextualizing the analysis
in relation to existing literature.
Techniques to
identify themes in
qualitative data
Repetitions
key- indigenous terms,
and key-words in-
contexts (KWIC) all draw Word repetitions can be
on a simple observation
—if you want to
analyzed formally and
understand what people informally.
are talking about, look at
the words they use.
Repetitions
In the informal A more formal analysis of
mode, investigators word frequencies can be
simply read the text done by generating a list of
and note words or all the unique words in a
synonyms that people text and counting the
use a lot. number of times each
occurs.
2. Indigenous categories
Another way to find
themes is to look for Grounded theorist refers
local terms that may to the process of
sound unfamiliar or identifying local terms as
are used in unfamiliar
in vivo coding
ways.
3. Key-words-in-context (KWIC)
based on a simple identify key words and
observation: if you then systematically
want to understand a search the corpus of text
concept, then look at to find all instances of the
how it is used. word or phrase.
4. isCompare and
based on the idea
Contrast
that themes
represent the ways Glazer and Strauss (1967)
in which texts are refer to this as the
either similar or "constant comparison
different from each method.”
other.
5. Social Science Queries
searching interviews for evidence of
researchers are interested social conflict, cultural
in understanding how contradictions, informal methods of
textual data illuminate social control, things that people do
questions of importance in managing impersonal social
to social science relationships, methods by which
people acquire and maintain achieved
and ascribed status, and information
about how people solve problems.
Qualitative
Data Analysis
(QDA)
QDA
range of processes and
procedures whereby we move
from the qualitative data that
have been collected into some
form of explanation,
understanding, or interpretation
of the people and situations the
researchers are investigating
You collect qualitative data
through interviews,
observations, or content
analysis and then subject
them to data analysis.
In your data collecting
activities…
you indispensably experience a lot of things vis-a-vis the sources
of data, such as their sizes, shapes, ideas, feelings, attitudes, and
so on.

If you record these data through verbal


language or graphic means, you get to
immerse yourself in a qualitative data
analysis, not quantitative data analysis, for
the latter deals with data expressed in
numerical forms.
These strategies and techniques are
very important for researches since
they help the proponents to have an
end in their minds. Moreover, it will
delimit the study
into the probability that the researchers
are looking for.
Selfie 1
Directions: Give the technique that is used
in identifying themes for qualitative data
which are related to the words or phrases
given per item. Write your answer on your
answer sheet.
1. It focuses on interviews for evidence of social conflict,
cultural contradictions, informal methods of social control, etc.

2. In this technique, researchers identify key words and then


systematically search the corpus of text to find all instances of
the word or phrase.

3. This technique focuses on what people are talking about, and


how they are used. These words can be analyzed formally and
informally.
4. This is based on the idea that themes represent
the ways in which texts are either similar or
different from each other.

5. The words that are used by people are local


terms that may sound unfamiliar or are used in
unfamiliar ways.
Selfie 2
Directions: Check the sentence that
expresses what is true about
qualitative data analysis.
_______1. It is a time-saving analysis of data.
______ 2. Its unit of analysis is large language structures
like paragraphs.
______ 3. It centers its analysis on opinionated knowledge.
______ 4. It is prone to examining numbers.
______ 5. It cannot use data matrices.
______ 6. It examines verbal language as well as non-verbal
language.
______ 7. It puts into codes abstract qualities of people.
______ 8. It analyzes data first before it collects them.
______ 9. Exempted from qualitative-data analysis are prose
and non-prose materials.
______ 10. Coding is not for numerical data.
Thank You for
Listening!

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