KOMBOLCHA SATELLITE CAMPUS

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT

IN THE PRACTICE TEACHING COURSE
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AUTOMATION AND
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
SUBMITTED TO:- BALEMUAL BERIHUN (MSc)
UNIT OF COMPETENCE: Set- up industrial field control
device
MODULE CODE: EIS IEC3 M06 0322
PREPARED BY: ANDUALEM MIHRETE

ID/ NO ---------------ETUBSR 1878/13

APRIL, 2016 E.C
INTRODUCTION TO THE LEARNING OUTCOME
 This learning outcome covers setting up industrial field Control

devices such as transducers, sensors, and actuators.

 It encompasses working safely, following design brief,

applying knowledge of device operating principles,

interpreting device specifications, following

Manufacturer’s set up specifications, testing device

operation and documenting set up parameters.

LO- 3. TEST FOR CORRECT FUNCTIONALITY
This learning outcome is developed to provide you the necessary
information regarding the following

content coverage and topics:

 Calibration, instrumentation standard.

 loop system Installation

 Functionality tests

 Status report/s and work supervision

 This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page. Specifically, upon completion of this learning outcome , you will be able to:
 Conduct calibration and instrumentation standard
 Install specific complete loop system
 Follow functionality tests
 Complete status report/s and notify work supervision

3.1. Calibration and instrumentation standard

3.1.1 Calibration Standards to Produce and Measure

Physical Quantities
 Calibration refers to the checking and adjustment of an instrument so

that its output faithfully Corresponds to its input

throughout a specified range.

A substance or device used as a reference to

compare against an instrument’s response is called a

calibration standard
2.1.2 Basic Logic Gates

There are seven basic logic gates: AND, OR, XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XNOR.

1. AND - True if A and B are both True

2. OR - True if either A or B is True

3. NOT - Inverts value: True if input is False; False if input is True

4. XOR - True if either A or B are True, but False if both are True

5. NAND - AND followed by NOT: False only if A and B are both True

6. NOR - OR followed by NOT: True only if A and B are both False

7. X-NOR - XOR followed by NOT: True if A and B are both True and both False
 Logic Gates Symbols and Operations
 All digital electronic circuits and microprocessor based systems contain
hardware elements called Digital Logic Gates.
 That performs the logical operations of AND, OR and NOT on binary numbers.
 In digital logic only two voltage levels or states are allowed.
 These states are generally referred to as logic “1” or logic “0”, high or Low, true
or false
 which are represented in Boolean algebra and truth tables by the numbers 1 and 0
respectively.
 1. The AND Gate
 The AND gate is a logic circuit that requires all inputs to be TRUE at the same
time in order for the output to be TRUE.

Logic Symbol Truth Table

 The standard symbol for the AND gate is shown in figure 2.1.Variations of this
standard symbol may be encountered.
 These variations become necessary to illustrate that an AND
gate may have more than one input.

Figure 2.1: AND gate and Truth Table

 AND gate operation

We can demonstrate the operation of the AND gate with a simple circuit that has two

switches in series as shown in figure 2.2. You can see that both switches would have to be

closed at the same time to light the lamp (view A). Any other combination of switch

positions (view B) would result in an open circuit and the lamp would not light (logic 0).

Figure 2.2: AND gate equivalent circuit: A. Logic 1 state; B. Logic 0 state.
 2. The OR Gate
 The OR gate differs from the AND gate in that only ONE input has to be HIGH to
produce a HIGH output.
 An easy way to remember the OR gate is that any HIGH input will yield a HIGH output.

Logic Symbol Truth Table

 The number of inputs will vary according to the needs of the designer.

Figure 2.3; OR gate and Truth Table

 OR Gate 0peration
 The OR gate may also be represented by a simple circuit as shown in figure 2.4.
 In the OR gate, two switches are placed in parallel.
 If either or both of the switches are closed(view A), the lamp will light.
 The only time the lamp will not be light is when both switches are open (view B).

Figure 2.4; OR gate equivalent circuit: A. Logic 1 state; B. Logic 0 state.

 3 . The Inverter Gate
 The inverter, often referred to as a NOT gate, is a logic device that has an output opposite
of the input.
 It is sometimes called a NEGATOR. It may be used alone or in combination with
logic devices to fulfill equipment requirements
 Symbols for inverters used in combination with other devices.
 When an inverter is used alone, it is represented by the symbol shown in figure 2,5 (view A).
 It will more often be seen in conjunction with the symbol for an amplifier (view B).

Figure2.5:inverter: A. Symbol for inverter used alone; B. Symbol for an amplifier/inverter and truth table.
 4. The NAND Gate

 The NAND gate is another logic device commonly found in digital equipment.

 This gate is simply an AND gate with an inverter (NOT gate) at the output.

Logic Symbol

The logic symbol for the NAND gate is shown in figure 2.6.

Figure 2.6: NAND gate.

 Logic Symbol And Truth Table
 The NAND gate can have two or more inputs.

 The output will be LOW only when all the inputs are HIGH.

 Conversely, the output will be HIGH when any or all of the inputs are LOW.

 The NAND gate performs two functions, AND and NOT.

Figure 2.7: NAND gate equivalent circuit: A. Either X or Y or both are LOW; B. Both X
and Y are HIGH.
.
 5. The NOR Gate
 As you might expect, the NOR gate is an OR gate with an inverter on the output .
Logic Symbol Truth Table
The standard logic symbol for this gate is shown in figure 2.8. More than just the two
inputs may be shown.

Figure 2.8: NOR gate and truth table

 6. The Exclusive OR gate
 The exclusive OR gate is a modified OR gate that produces a HIGH output when only
one of the inputs is HIGH.
 You will often see the abbreviation X-OR used to identify this gate.
 When both inputs are HIGH or when both inputs are LOW, the output is LOW.

Figure 2.9: Exclusive OR gate and Truth Table

 7.The Exclusive NOR gate
 The exclusive NOR (X-NOR) gate is nothing more than an X-OR gate with an inverted
output.
 It produces a HIGH output when the inputs are either all HIGH or all LOW.

Figure 2.10: Exclusive NOR gate and Truth Table

 2.2 Digital components/materials
 A logic analyzer is a test and measurement instrument used in digital electronics
to capture, analyze, and display digital signals.
 An electronics tool kit is a collection of tools and equipment specifically designed
for working with electronic components, circuits, and devices.
 Measuring instruments are tools used to accurately measure various physical
quantities and parameters in different fields, including electronics
 A soldering iron is a handheld tool used for joining electronic components
together by melting solder.
 Seven segment LED displays are commonly used to represent numerical digits or

certain characters in electronic systems.

 Programmable Logic Devices

devices offer flexibility and versatility in designing digital systems by

allowing users to configure the internal logic connections and functionality of the
device according to their specific requirements.
 2.3 Application of Digital Electronics
Digital electronics has a wide range of applications in various fields

Due to its ability to process and manipulate digital signals with

high accuracy and speed.

Here are some common applications of digital electronics:

1. Computers and Microprocessors 2.Communication Systems

3. Consumer Electronics 4. Industrial Automation

5.Digital Signal Processing 6. Control Systems

7. Data Storage 8. Security Systems

9 .Scientific Research
 SUMMARY
 The summary of this learing outcome Logic gates perform basic logical

functions and are the fundamental building block of digital integrated circuits.

 There are seven basic logic gates: AND, OR, NOT, XOR - NAND ,

NOR ,X-NOR.

 Digital components/materials are include; logic analyzer,

An electronics tool kit, Measuring instruments, soldering iron, Seven

segment LED displays. Programmable Logic Devices

 Application of Digital Electronics are contains ;Computers and Microprocessors,
Communication Systems, Consumer Electronics,
Industrial Automation ,Digital Signal Processing ,Control Systems, Data Storage,
Security Systems, Scientific Research.
 SELF-CHECK -2.1

 Part-I. True or False ( 2 points) each

1. The output of an exclusiveOR (XOR) gate is 1 only when the inputs are different.

 Part-II: Multiple Choose ( 2 points) each

1. Which logic gate outputs a high (1) signal only when all of its inputs are high (1)?
A. AND gate
B. OR gate
C. NOT gate
D. XOR gate
2. The output of the two-input OR gate is high?
A. Only if both inputs are high
B. Only if both inputs are low
C. Only if one input is high and the other is low
D. If at least one of the inputs is high
 THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION