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Mouse in The Kitchen Minitheme by Slidesgo

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17 views17 pages

Mouse in The Kitchen Minitheme by Slidesgo

Uploaded by

vet
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Rodenticide poisoning

Rodenticides
Definition:they are substances that kill rodents
specially mice & rats
Classification: they are classified according to
their chemical structure into:
1-Inorganic rodenticides: e.g. Zinc phosphide,
thallium sulfate, yellow or white phosphorus,
arsenious salts (arsenic trioxide)
2-Organic rodenticides: e.g Na flouroacetates,
ANTU (Alfa naphthylthiourea), anticoagulant group
(warfarine), strychnine
‫سم فيران اسود ناعم‬ ‫سم فيران اسود محبب‬ ‫سم فيران يشبه الغله ونفرق بينه وبين‬
‫حبة الغلة وبيكون الوان‬
Zinc phosphide
• It is both cheap effective
• It has a rotten fish odor
• Its toxicity can be attributed to the liberation of phosphine gas (PH 3 following
hydrolytic reaction with water in the stomach on ingestion of the chemical
• Zinc phosphide + H 2 O ==== PH 3
• PH 3 inhibits cytochrome oxidase enzyme
• Phosphine gas causes wide spread cellular toxicity with necrosis of GIT and injury
to other organs like liver kidney
• Phosphine interacts with hydrogen peroxide to highly reactive free radicals
causing lipid peroxidation
• It is general protoplasmic poison causing destruction (necrosis) to all body cells
(GIT & lung & heart, liver, kidney)

A protoplasmic poison is a substance or


material that can damage or kill living cells by
affecting the organelles and processes that
occur in the protoplasm of the cell, such as
protein synthesis, ribosome function, energy
Clinical signs:
Toxicity start very rapid (Gas exposure by inhalation)
• GIT: Nausea, vomiting (black vomitus), epigastric pain with a rotten
fish odor of breath
• Cardiovascular: shock due to myocarditis with dysrhythmia‫عدم انتظام‬
‫ضربات القلب‬
• Metabolic lactic acidosis
• Respiratory: Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema due to acute lung
injury.
• Shock + acidosis + hypoxia leads to CNS effects: agitation,
seizures and coma
• Death occurs in 60-70% of cases
Treatment
• In early cases: ingestion of paraffin oil or
coconut oil or NaHCO3
• In symptomatic case: mostly supportive
and symptomatic directed to
correct shock (noradrenaline) and metabolic
acidosis (NaHCO3).
• IV N-acetylcysteine and Vitamin C to
decrease oxidative stress
So specific antidote
Organic rodenticides
Anticoagulant Rodenticides
It is 2 generation, First and second generation

• All anticoagulant rodenticides act by interfering with the synthesis of vitamin K


which is essential for normal blood coagulation.
• They are anticoagulants via interference with clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X. (2-
7-9-10)
Signs of toxicity
Bleeding from nose (epistaxis) and gum
Pain in the joints from hematoma in the long bones
Pain in abdomen and back
Weakness from anaemia
Hemorrhage , shock and death

Diagnosis
Complete blood picture (CBC)
Estimation of prothrombin activity
Estimation of clotting time
Treatment
• The use of specific antidote Vit K 1 phytonadione
• Vit K 3 menadione or Vit K 4 menadiol are not
• effective
• Fresh blood or plasma transfusion are indicated also,
• plasma concentrates of the Vit K dependent clotting
• factors may be indicated if haemorrhage is severe
• Vit C is occasaionally given to protect capillaries from
• damage
Mechanism of toxicity

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