Bs Group Case Study Shopping Complex

I N G S E R V I C E S
BUILD VAC SYSTEM IN SHOPPING HALL)

(C ASE
STUDY ON H
SUBMITTED BY:-
21/ARCH/001
21/ARCH/003
21/ARCH/020
21/ARCH/026
LITERATURE CASE STUDY
HVAC SYSTEMS OF SHOPPING MALLS
WHAT IS AIR CONDITIONING?
Air-conditioning is defined as a process which cools (or

heats), cleans, circulates, freshens air and controls its
moisture content simultaneously.
TYPES OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS USED IN COMMERCIAL BU
● CENTRAL FORCED-AIR SYSTEMS

● HOT WATER SYSTEMS
● ZONE CONTROL SYSTEMS
● RADIANT HEAT
CENTRAL FORCED AIR SYSTEM
Most Common HVAC System
• Circulates air through or around heating and cooling devices.
• A fan forces air into ducts • Supply ducts transport conditioned air into
building through diffusers or supply registers
• Air is routed back to heating/cooling device through return ducts

HOT WATER SYSTEM
● Water heated in boiler and circulated through

pipes to radiators
● Requires plumbing rather than ductwork
ZONE CONTROL SYSTEM
•One heater and one thermostat per room

• No ductwork
• Often used in hotel rooms
RADIANT HEAT SUPPLY
•Supply heat directly to the floor, wall, or ceiling
• Hot water pipes or electric heating element runs through building

component
• Dependent on radiant heat – Heat transferred from hot surface to people

and objects
MAJOR
COMPONENTS
AHU
• Device used to condition and circulate air as part of an
HVAC system
• Large metal box containing a blower, heating or
cooling elements, filter, and sound attenuators •
Connects to ductwork that distributes the conditioned
air through the building and returns it to the AHU
HEAT PUMP
•A machine or device that moves heat from one location

(the source) to another location (the mechanical work)
• Can produce heating or cooling by reversing the direction
of heat flow
• Can be used in: – Forced Air System – Hot Water System
HVAC SYSTEM OF
SHOPPING MALL
VAPOUR
COMPRESSION
SYSTEM
A schematic flow diagram showing the basic
components of vapor compress refrigeration
system is shown in fig.2 below some typical
temperatures for air conditioning applications
are indicated. Refrigerant fluid circulates
through the piping and equipment to the
direction shown. There are four processes that
occur it flows through the system they are as
follows:
Process 1-2:
At point (1) refrigerant are in liquid state a relatively high pressure
and high temperature flows to (2) through a restriction called the flow
control device or expansion device. The refrigerant looses pressure
going through the restriction. The pressure at (2) is low that the small
portion of the refrigeration lashes into a gas. But in order to vaporize
it must be gain heat (which it takes from the portion of refrigerant
that did not vaporize) thus cooling the mixture and resulting in low
temperature
Process 2-3:
The refrigerant flows through a heat exchanger called the

evaporator. This heat exchanger has two circuits. The refrigerants
circulate in one and in the other. The fluid to be cooled is at a
slightly temperature that the refrigerant, therefore heat is
transferred from refrigerant producing cooling effect. Desired
refrigerant boils because of the heat it receives in the evaporator.
By the time it leaves the evaporator (4) it is completely vaporized.
Process 3-4:
During the evaporator, the refrigerant is a gas at a low

temperature and low pressure. In order to be able to use it
again, to achiever the refrigerant effect continuously, it must be
brought back to the condition at (1) a liquid at a high pressure.
The first step in this process is to increase the pressure of the
refrigerant gas by using a compressor.
Process 4-1:
The refrigerant leaves the compressor as a gas at high temperature and

pressure. In order to change it to liquid, heat must be removed from it, this is
accomplished in a heat exchanger called condenser. In the other circuit
cooling fluid flows (air or water) at a temperature lower than the refrigerant.
Heat therefore transfer from the refrigerant to the cooling fluid and as a result
the refrigerant condenses to a liquid at (1) the refrigerant has returned to its
initial state and is now ready to repeat the cycle of course the processes are
actually continuous as the refrigerant circulates through the system
VAPOUR
ABSORPTION
SYSTEM
The absorption refrigeration system is quite similar to
the vapor compression refrigeration system as shown in
fig.3. In the absorption refrigeration system, refrigerant
is produce by evaporation of a liquid (refrigerant) in the
evaporator. The difference between the two systems lies
in the method of converting the refrigerant vapor back to
liquid. In vapor compression system compressor and
condenser are used to the conversion of refrigerant vapor
(coming from the evaporator) into liquid. In the
absorption system also, the condenser is used but the
compressor is replaced by the combination of absorber
generator.
In vapor compression system, the refrigerant vaporizes in the evaporator, absorbing its latent heat
from the surrounding, the suction side of the compressor draws the refrigerant vapor from the
evaporator compresses it an delivers it to the condenser were the high pressure vapor is condensed
into a liquid. So we have the three components viz. evaporator, compressor and condenser. The
compressor sucks vapor compresses and discharges it into the condenser. So we can say that the
compressor has suction side as well as a discharge side. In the absorption system also we have the
evaporator andcondenser doing the same function as in the vapor compression system. The
absorber does the suction function of the compressor and the generator replaces the discharge side
of the compressor
WATER CHILLED
AC SYSTEM
The main system components of the
central cooling plant are the:
•Chiller
•Air Handling Unit (AHU)
•Cooling Tower
•Pumps
The chiller will usually be located either in the
basement or on the roof and this depends on
what type of chiller is used. Roof top chillers are
usually “Air cooled” whereas basement chillers
are usually “Water cooled” but they both perform
the same function which is to generate cold
water for air conditioning by removing the
unwanted heat from the building. The only
difference is how the chiller discards the
unwanted heat.
Chilled water:
The evaporator of the chiller is where the “chilled water” is generated. The
“chilled water” leaves the evaporator at around 6°C (42.8°F) and is pushed
around the building by the chilled water pump. The chilled water flows up the
height of the building to each floor in pipes known as “risers”. These pipes are
known as risers no matter if the water is flowing upwards or downwards within
them.
The chilled water branches off the risers into smaller diameter pipes which
head to the fan coil units (FCU’s) and Air Handling Units (AHU’s) to provide air
conditioning. The AHU’s and FCU’s are basically boxes with fans inside that
suck air in from the building and push it across the heating or cooling coils to
change the temperature of the air and then push this air back out into the
building. The chilled water enters the AHU/FCU and passes through the cooling
coil (a series of thin pipes) where it will absorb the heat of the air blowing
across. The chilled water heats up and the air blowing across it cools down.
When the chilled water leaves the cooling coil it will now be warmer at around
12°C (53.6°F). The warm chilled water then heads back to the evaporator, via
the return riser, and once it enter the evaporator a refrigerant will absorb the
unwanted heat and move this over to the condenser. The chilled water will then
leave cool again, ready to circulate around the building and collect more
unwanted heat.
Condenser water:
The condenser of the chiller is where the unwanted heat is collected
before being sent to the cooling towers. A refrigerant passes between
the evaporator and the condenser to move all the unwanted heat.
Another loop of water, known as “condenser water”, passes in a loop
between the condenser and the cooling tower. The refrigerant collects
the heat from the “chilled water” loop in the evaporator and moves
this to the “condenser water” loop in the condenser.
The condenser water enters the condenser at around 27°C (80.6°F)
and will pass through, collecting heat along the way. By the time it
leaves the condenser it will be around 32°C (89.6°F). The condenser
water and the refrigerant never mix, they are always separated by the
pipe wall, heat just transfers through the wall. Once the condenser
water has passed through the condenser and picked up the unwanted
heat, it will head up to the cooling towers to dump this heat and
return cooler ready to collect more heat.
AIR COOLED
SYSTEM
WHAT IS AIR COOLED SYSTEM?
Air cooled systems are what we refer to as traditional air

conditioning systems. These type of units are the most
common type of system. You will find these in most
commercial buildings such as retail stores, hotels and
restaurants. They are also popular for installations in
residential homes. They consist of two main components, an
indoor unit and outdoor condenser box.
HOW DO THEY WORK?
Air cooled systems remove heat and humidity from the

air inside the building and dissipate it outside through
the external condenser unit. The air is then passed
through the cooling components containing the
refrigerant and is returned into the room as dry cool air.
REFERENCES
LITERATURE CASE STUDY
• INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCEDTECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATIVE RESEARCH

• CONCEPTS OF HVAC SYSTEM
• www.youtube.com m
• www.Wikipedia.com
DESKTOP CASE STUDY

• www.youtube.com
• www.Wikipedia.com
• HVAC SYSTEM OF JAYA MALL RESEARCH PAPER

Bs Group Case Study Shopping Complex

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Bs Group Case Study Shopping Complex

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Bs Group Case Study Shopping Complex

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

I N G S E R V I C E S

BUILD VAC SYSTEM IN SHOPPING HALL)

Air-conditioning is defined as a process which cools (or

● CENTRAL FORCED-AIR SYSTEMS

• Circulates air through or around heating and cooling devices.

• Air is routed back to heating/cooling device through return ducts

● Water heated in boiler and circulated through

•One heater and one thermostat per room

• Hot water pipes or electric heating element runs through building

• Dependent on radiant heat – Heat transferred from hot surface to people

•A machine or device that moves heat from one location

The refrigerant flows through a heat exchanger called the

During the evaporator, the refrigerant is a gas at a low

The refrigerant leaves the compressor as a gas at high temperature and

Air cooled systems are what we refer to as traditional air

Air cooled systems remove heat and humidity from the

LITERATURE CASE STUDY

• INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCEDTECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATIVE RESEARCH

DESKTOP CASE STUDY

You might also like