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DNA Replication

The document discusses nucleic acids DNA and RNA, their structures and functions. It also covers several important experiments that helped establish DNA as the genetic material, including Griffith's transformation experiment, Hershey and Chase's blender experiment, and Watson and Crick's discovery of the DNA double helix structure.

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Jake Gaming
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45 views106 pages

DNA Replication

The document discusses nucleic acids DNA and RNA, their structures and functions. It also covers several important experiments that helped establish DNA as the genetic material, including Griffith's transformation experiment, Hershey and Chase's blender experiment, and Watson and Crick's discovery of the DNA double helix structure.

Uploaded by

Jake Gaming
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 5

DNA Replication
A short review on Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acids
- polymers of nucleotides
Two types:
1. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
2. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
Deoxyribonucleic Acids
- Double stranded
- Blueprint containing
information on traits
and features
- Found in the nucleus
- Composed of Thymine,
Adenine, Guanine, and
Cytosine
Ribonucleic Acids
- Single Stranded
- Formed from DNA
- Used in protein synthesis
- Found throughout the cell
- Composed of Uracil,
Adenine, Guanine and
Cytosine
Comparing DNA and RNA
Characteristic RNA DNA
Location in Nucleus and Nucleus
the Cell Cytoplasm
Strands Single Double
N. Bases U, A, C, G T, A, C, G
Sugar Ribose Deoxyribose

Function Protein Storage and


synthesis transmission of
genetic information
Griffith’s Transformation Experiment
Hershey and
Chase
Blender
Experiment
Levene’s Nucleotide
Erwin Chargaff’s Data
Rosalind Franklin’s X-ray crystallography
Watson and Crick’s Double Helix

Watson, Crick, and Wilkins shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine


(1962) for the elucidating the structure of DNA (Double helix)
Key Features of double helix
1. Right handed double helix (clockwise)
2. Antiparallel chains
3. Nitrogenous bases as flat structures
inside the helix
4. Base complementarity
5. Semiconservative mode of replication
The Nucleic Acids – Their connection
with Inheritance
The Nucleic Acids – Their connection
with Inheritance
DNA as a genetic material
1.DNA is stored
- Organized into genes and packaged in
chromosomes
2. DNA is replicated
- The genetic information can be duplicated in
high fidelity
3. DNA is expressed
- Provided with a mechanisms to effect
phenotypes
4. DNA is diversified
- Ability to produce variation and drive evolution
Central Dogma of Molecular Genetics
“The central dogma of molecular biology deals
with the detailed residue-by-residue transfer of
sequential information. It states that such
information cannot be transferred back from
protein to either protein or nucleic acid.”

Francis Crick, 1958


Central Dogma of Molecular Genetics

- Explanation of the
flow of genetic
information within a
biological system
- Protein information
cannot flow back to
nucleic acids
- DNA makes RNA
and RNA makes
protein
Central Dogma of Molecular Genetics
Central Dogma of Molecular Genetics
1.Replication (DNA  DNA)
- DNA makes a copy of itself
- One strand serves as a template for replication
(semi-conservative)
2.Transcription (DNA  mRNA)
- process by which the information contained in a
section of DNA is replicated in the form of a newly
assembled piece of messenger RNA (mRNA)
3.Translation (mRNA  Protein)
- process involved when genetic information is
used to create the amino acids and the
corresponding proteins
Overview of Replication
Transcription and Translation

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