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SQL Commands (Autosaved) 2

The document describes various SQL commands used for data definition, data manipulation, data control, and data queries. It also covers aggregate functions, GROUP BY, HAVING, ORDER BY, WHERE clauses and different types of joins.

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Dc ROBIN
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5 views

SQL Commands (Autosaved) 2

The document describes various SQL commands used for data definition, data manipulation, data control, and data queries. It also covers aggregate functions, GROUP BY, HAVING, ORDER BY, WHERE clauses and different types of joins.

Uploaded by

Dc ROBIN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SQL commands

DDL(data definition language) COMMANDS:


1. CREATE: this command is used to create tables or databases.

2. DROP: this command is used to delete database or tables.


3.ALTER: this command is used to add, delete or modify columns in an existing table.

4.TRUNCATE: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO DELETE COMPLETE DATA FROM THE TABLEWITHOUT DELETING THE TABLE
STRUCTURE.
DQL(DATA QUERY LANGUAGE) COMMAND:
1. SELECT: this command returns a result set of records , from one or more tables.

DML( DATA MANIPULATION LANGUAGE) COMMAND:


1. INSERT: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO INSERT DATA IN A TABLE.

2. UPDATE: THIS COMMAND IS USED TO CHANGE THE DATA OF ONE OR MORE RECORD IN A TABLE.
3. DELETE : THIS COMMAND IS UDED TO DELETE RECORDS FROM A TABLE.

DCL(DATA CONTROL LANGUAGE) COMMAND:


1.GRANT: USED TO ADD PERMISSIONS TO USERS.

2. REVOKE: USED TO REMOVE(TAKE BACK) PERMISSIONS FROM USERS.

TCL( TRANSACTION CONTROL LANGUAGE) COMMAND:


AGGREGATE FUNCTION
IT PERFORMS A CALCULATION ON A SET OF VALUES AND RETURN A SINGLE VALUE.
1. COUNT() :
A. COUNT(COLUMN NAME ): RETUEN THE NUMBER OF VALUES OF THE SPECIFIED COLUMN.

B. COUNT(*): RETURNS THE NUMBER OF RECORDS IN A TABLE.

2. MAX(): RETURNS THE MAXIMUM VALUE OF A CERTAIN COLUMN.


3.MIN(): RETURNS THE MINUMUM VALUE OF A CERTAIN COLUMN.

4. AVG(): RETURNS THE AVERAGE VALUE OF A CERTAIN COLUMN .

5SUM(): RETURNS THE SUM OF ALL VALUES OF A CERTAIN COLUMN.


GROUP BY CLAUSE : GROUPS ROWS THAT HAVE SAME VALUES. HA

HAVING CLAUSE : IT ENABLES THE USERS TO FILTER THE RESULTS BASED ON THE GROUPS SPECIFIED
IT IS USED WITH GROUP BY OR AGGREGATE FUNCTION
ORDER BY:IT IS USED TO SORT THE RESULT SET IN ASCENDING OR DESCENDING ORDER.

WHERE: IT DEFINES CONDITIONS THAT YOU WANT TO APPLY TO A QUERY.

JOINS : A JOIN CLAUSE IS USED TO COMBINE ROWS FROM TWO OR MORE TABLES,BASED ON
RELATED COLUMN BETWEEN THEM
A. NATURAL JOIN : IT IS USED TO COMBINES ROES FROM TWO OR MORE TABLES BASED ON THE COMMON COLUMN BETWEEN THEM.
INNER JOIN : IT COMBINES THE RECORDS FROM TWO TABLES WHENEVER THERE
ARE MATCHING VALUES IN A FIELD COMMON TO BOTH TABLES.

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