Sensor-Cloud-Part -I
Introduction to Internet of 1
Things
Introduction
It is not more integration of sensors and cloud computing
It is not only “dumping the sensor data into cloud”
Cloud
Cloud
Introduction to Internet of 2
Things
Wireless Sensor Networks
(WSNs): Recap
Contain sensor nodes which sense some physical phenomena from the
environment
Transmit the sensed data (through wireless communication) to a centralized
unit, commonly known as Sink node
The communication between Sink node and other sensor nodes in the
network may be single/multi‐hop
Sink node further process data
Introduction to Internet of 3
Things
Wireless Sensor Networks
(WSNs): Recap
Sink Applications
Target Tracking
Sensing unit Wildlife Monitoring
Healthcare
Processing unit Industrial Applications
Communication unit Smart Home
Smart City
Major Components of a Agriculture
Sensor Node …
Wireless Sensor Networks
Introduction to Internet of 4
Things
Cloud Computing: Recap
An architecture which provides on‐demand computing resources
Advantages
Elasticity: Scaling up/down
Pay‐per‐use: Payment for the resource as per requirement
Self Service: Resource can be accessed by self
Introduction to Internet of 5
Things
Cloud Computing: Services
Cloud‐Clients
App, Web browser, terminal
Software‐as‐a‐Service (SaaS)
Platform‐as‐a‐Service (PaaS)
Infrastructure‐as‐a‐Service (IaaS)
Introduction to Internet of 6
Things
Cloud Computing: Services
Software‐as‐a‐Service (SaaS)
A third party provides a host application over internet
Example: Microsoft Office 365
Platform‐as‐a‐Service (PaaS)
Provide a platform to develop and run applications
Example: Windows Azure
Infrastructure‐as‐a‐Service (IaaS)
Provide computing resources
Example: Storage space
Introduction to Internet of 7
Things
Virtualization Concept
One computer host appears as many computers‐concept of Virtual Machine
(VM)
Improve IT throughput and costs by using physical resources as a pool from
which virtual resources can be allocated.
Benefit
Sharing of resources: Same resource can be shared, in turn cost reduction
Encapsulation: A complete computing environment
Independence: Runs independently of underlying hardware
Portability: VM Migration
Introduction to Internet of 8
Things
Limitations of WSNs
Change of Requirement
Procurement An example
Price
Right vendor Today Tomorrow
Types of sensor integrated with it
Deployment
Right way of deployment
Right place of deployment Agriculture Smart Home
Maintenance
Post deployment maintenance Result: Change in Sensor type, deployment
area, topology design, and many more….
Battery lifetime
Introduction to Internet of 9
Things
Sensor-Cloud:
Introduction
Not only the more integration of cloud computing and sensor networks, but
sensor‐cloud is more than that
Concept of virtualization of sensor node
Pay‐per‐use
One sensor node/network appears as many
A stratum between sensor nodes and end‐users
Introduction to Internet of 10
Things
Difference with WSN
Multiple
WSN user applications/ users
Virtualization
Sensor‐cloud
Aggregated data infrastructur
e
Dedicated to a Serves
single user multiple
applications
WSN
Sensor‐Cloud
Source: S. Misra; S. Chatterjee; M. S. Obaidat, "On Theoretical Modeling of Sensor Cloud: A Paradigm Shift From Wireless Sensor Network," in
IEEE Systems Journal , vol.PP, no.99, pp.1-10
Introduction to Internet of 11
Things
Difference with WSN (Contd.)
Actors and Roles
Attributes WSN Sensor Cloud
Ownership WSN‐user Sensor‐owner
Deployment WSN‐user Sensor‐owner
Redeployment WSN‐user SCSP
Maintenances WSN‐user SCSP
Overhead WSN‐user SCSP
Usage WSN‐user End‐user
Source: S. Misra; S. Chatterjee; M. S. Obaidat, "On Theoretical Modeling of Sensor Cloud: A Paradigm Shift From Wireless Sensor Network," in
IEEE Systems Journal , vol.PP, no.99, pp.1-10
Introduction to Internet of 12
Things
Actors in Sensor-cloud
End‐users
Enjoy Se‐aaS through applications as per the requirements.
Unknown about what and which physical sensor is/are allocated to serve the
application
Sensor‐owner
Plays a role from business perspective.
They purchase physical sensor devices, deployed over different geographical
locations, and lend these devices to the sensor‐cloud
Sensor‐Cloud Service Provider (SCSP)
A business actor.
SCSP charges price from the end‐users as per their usage of Se‐aaS.
Introduction to Internet of 13
Things
Sensor-cloud:
Architecture
End‐users: Registered themselves, selects
templates, and request for application(s)
Sensor‐owner: Deploy heterogeneous/
homogeneous physical sensor nodes over
different geographical location
SCSP: Plays managerial role
Introduction to Internet of 14
Things
Sensor-cloud:
View
User Login Xml
interpretation
Interaction with
specificatio
Application 1 Dynamic
physical sensor
Template
Scaling
On‐demand physical
Data feed Templat sensor scheduling
e Vast data storage and Heterogeneous
n
User display Browser specialized processing
pool of
portal
organizatio physical
Web
Sensed Energy
n
Data feed Interfac management, QoS sensors
informatio e
Sensed
Application
Application 2 n specific real‐time
On‐
data
data aggregation demand
sensor data
Template specification
User organization view Real View
Source: S. Misra; S. Chatterjee; M. S. Obaidat, "On Theoretical Modeling of Sensor Cloud: A Paradigm Shift From Wireless Sensor Network," in
IEEE Systems Journal , vol.PP, no.99, pp.1-10
Introduction to Internet of 15
Things
Work F low o f Sens o r -C
lou d
Source: S. Misra; S. Chatterjee; M. S.
Obaidat, "On Theoretical Modeling of
Sensor Cloud: A Paradigm Shift From
User SensorML Virtual Sensor Virtual Sensor Resourc Wireless Sensor Network," in IEEE
organizatio interpreto Manager Controller e Systems Journal , vol.PP, no.99, pp.1-10
n r Manger
Operation
s Create virtual
sensor Manage
request operation
instance
s
Response
Data request Respo
XML Decode nse
template Compatible
sensor Sensor Physical sensor definition,
scheduling, resource Virtual sensor
allocation, pool (WSN) Group definition
deallocatio Client information
Data Data retrieval
Data n Metadata
provisionin Templates
g aggregatio
n
Delete Release
virtual Release
sensor resourc
instance
e
Introduction to Internet of 16
Things
Case Study: Target
Tra cking
“We consider a WSN‐based target tracking application, in which a WSN owner
refuses to share the sensed information with an external body, even in
exchange of money. Consequently, any organization that wishes to detect
intrusion within a particular zone has to deploy its own WSN. This leads to a
long‐term investment due to costly network setup and maintenance
overheads. However, in a sensor‐cloud environment, the same organization can
use the same tracking application and still get the service without actually
owning the WSN”
Source: S. Misra; S. Chatterjee; M. S. Obaidat, "On Theoretical Modeling of Sensor Cloud: A Paradigm Shift From Wireless Sensor Network," in
IEEE Systems Journal , vol.PP, no.99, pp.1-10
Introduction to Internet of 17
Things
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Introduction to Internet of 18
Things
Sensor-Cloud-Part -II
Introduction to Internet of Things 1
Management Issues in
Sensor-Cloud
Optimal Composition of virtual sensor nodes
Data Caching
Optimal Pricing
Introduction to Internet of Things 2
Optimal Composition of Virtual
Sensor
Source: S. Chatterjee and S. Misra, “Dynamic Optimal Composition of a Virtual Sensor for Efficient Virtualization Within Sensor‐
cloud”, IEEE ICC 2015.
Introduction to Internet of Things 3
Introduction
Efficient virtualization of the physical sensor nodes
An optimal composition of VSs
Consider same geographic region: CoV‐I
Spanning across multiple regions: CoV‐II
Source: S. Chatterjee and S. Misra, “Dynamic Optimal Composition of a Virtual Sensor for Efficient Virtualization Within Sensor‐
cloud”, IEEE ICC 2015.
Introduction to Internet of Things 4
Why Composition of
Virtual Sensor?
Resource‐constrained sensor nodes
Dynamic change in sensor conditions
The composition of virtual sensors are non‐traditional
Source: S. Chatterjee and S. Misra, “Dynamic Optimal Composition of a Virtual Sensor for Efficient Virtualization Within Sensor‐
cloud”, IEEE ICC 2015.
Introduction to Internet of Things 5
CoV-I: Formation of
Virtual Sensor
Optimal of Virtual
Sensor (VS)
formation VS
Homogeneous sensor
within nodes
same boundary geographical
Source: S. Chatterjee and S. Misra, "Optimal composition of a virtual sensor for
efficient virtualization within sensor‐cloud," 2015 IEEE International Conference
on Communications (ICC), London, 2015, pp. 448‐453
Introduction to Internet of Things 6
CoV-II: Formation of Virtual
Sensor Group
VSG
Formation of Virtual Sensor
Group (VSG)
Heterogene physical sensor VS1 VS2 VS3
nodes
ous across different
geographical locations
Source: S. Chatterjee and S. Misra, "Optimal composition of a virtual sensor for
efficient virtualization within sensor‐cloud," 2015 IEEE International Conference
on Communications (ICC), London, 2015, pp. 448‐453
Introduction to Internet of Things 7
Performance
Source: S. Chatterjee and S. Misra, "Optimal composition of a virtual sensor for efficient virtualization within sensor‐cloud," 2015 IEEE International Conference on
Communications (ICC), London, 2015, pp. 448‐453
Introduction to Internet of Things 8
Dynamic and Adaptive Data
Caching Mechanism
Source: S. Chatterjee, S. Misra, “Dynamic and Adaptive Data Caching Mechanism for Virtualization within Sensor‐Cloud”, IEEE ANTS
2014.
Introduction to Internet of Things 9
Introduction
Introduces internal and external caching mechanisms
Ensures efficiency in resource utilization
Flexible with the varied rate of change of the physical environment
Source: S. Chatterjee, S. Misra, “Dynamic and Adaptive Data Caching Mechanism for Virtualization within Sensor‐Cloud”, IEEE ANTS
2014.
Introduction to Internet of Things 10
Why Caching in
Sensor-Cloud?
End‐users request for the sensed information through a Web‐interface
Allocation of physical sensor nodes and virtualization takes place
Physical sensor nodes continuously sense and transmit data to sensor‐cloud
Source: S. Chatterjee, S. Misra, “Dynamic and Adaptive Data Caching Mechanism for Virtualization within Sensor‐Cloud”, IEEE ANTS
2014.
Introduction to Internet of Things 11
Why Caching in Sensor-
Cloud? (Contd.)
Practically, in some cases, the change in environmental condition
are significantly slow
Due to the slow change in environment, the sensed data of physical sensors
unaltered
In such a situation, unnecessary sensing causes energy consumption
Source: S. Chatterjee, S. Misra, “Dynamic and Adaptive Data Caching Mechanism for Virtualization within Sensor‐Cloud”, IEEE ANTS
2014.
Introduction to Internet of Things 12
External and Internal
Caching Mechanism
Internal Cache (IC)
Handles requests from end‐user
Takes decision whether the data should be provided directly to the end
user or is it required to re‐cache the data from external cache
External Cache (EC)
After every certain interval data are required to re‐cache
Initially, few data are used to be transmitted to IC
Source: S. Chatterjee, S. Misra, “Dynamic and Adaptive Data Caching Mechanism for Virtualization within Sensor‐Cloud”, IEEE ANTS
2014.
Introduction to Internet of Things 13
Architecture of
Caching
App1 App2 ... Appn
App1 App2 ... Appn
Sensor‐Cloud
Sensor‐Cloud IC
Resource
pooling EC
Existing Architecture Cache‐enabled Architecture
Source: S. Chatterjee, S. Misra, “Dynamic and Adaptive Data Caching Mechanism for Virtualization within Sensor‐Cloud”, IEEE ANTS
2014.
Introduction to Internet of Things 14
Performance
Source: S. Chatterjee, S. Misra, “Dynamic and Adaptive Data Caching Mechanism for Virtualization within Sensor‐Cloud”, IEEE ANTS
2014.
Introduction to Internet of Things 15
Dynamic Optimal Pricing for
Sensor-Cloud
Infrastructure
Source: S. Chatterjee, R. Ladia, and S. Misra, “Dynamic Optimal Pricing for Heterogeneous Service‐Oriented Architecture of Sensor‐
Cloud Infrastructure”, IEEE TSC 2017.
Introduction to Internet of Things 16
Introduction
Existing schemes consider homogeneity of service (e.g. for IaaS, SaaS)
No scheme for SeaaS.
The proposed pricing scheme comprises of two components:
Pricing attributed to hardware (pH)
Pricing attributed to Infrastructure (pI)
Goal of the proposed pricing scheme:
Maximizing profit of SCSP
Maximizing profit of sensor owner
End users’ satisfaction
Introduction to Internet of Things 17
Pricing in Sensor-
Cloud
Set of sensor owner Set of end users
Web Portal
Base
Station Sensor‐Cloud
Pricing and negotiation
Introduction to Internet of Things 18
Focus on
Maximizing the profit made by SCSP
Optimal pricing to the end‐users
End users satisfaction
Pricing attributed to hardware (pH)
Deals with usage of physical sensor nodes
Pricing attribute to infrastructure (pI)
Deals with the price associated with infrastructure of sensor‐cloud
Introduction to Internet of Things 19
References
Madoka Yuriyama and Takayuki Kushida , “Sensor‐Cloud Infrastructure ‐ Physical Sensor Management with
Virtualized Sensors on Cloud Computing”, Research Report , IBM Research ‐ Tokyo IBM Japan, Ltd., 2010 (ht
tp://domino.research.ibm.com/library/cyberdig.nsf/papers/70E4CC6AD71F2418852577670016F2DE/$File
/RT0897.pdf)
S. Chatterjee, R. Ladia and S. Misra, "Dynamic Optimal Pricing for Heterogeneous Service‐Oriented
Architecture of Sensor‐Cloud Infrastructure," in IEEE Transactions on Services Computing, vol. 10, no. 2,
pp. 203‐216, 2017
S. Chatterjee and S. Misra, "Optimal composition of a virtual sensor for efficient virtualization within
sensor‐ cloud," 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), London, 2015, pp. 448‐453
S. Misra; S. Chatterjee; M. S. Obaidat, "On Theoretical Modeling of Sensor Cloud: A Paradigm Shift
From Wireless Sensor Network," in IEEE Systems Journal , vol.PP, no.99, pp.1‐10
Introduction to Internet of Things 20
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Introduction to Internet of Things 21
