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Chapter4 Lecture Slides

The document discusses nodal and mesh analysis techniques for circuit analysis. Nodal analysis assigns voltages to nodes and uses Kirchhoff's current law to solve circuits. Mesh analysis assigns currents to loops and uses Kirchhoff's voltage law. Examples are provided for both techniques along with guidelines for choosing an analysis method.

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31 views21 pages

Chapter4 Lecture Slides

The document discusses nodal and mesh analysis techniques for circuit analysis. Nodal analysis assigns voltages to nodes and uses Kirchhoff's current law to solve circuits. Mesh analysis assigns currents to loops and uses Kirchhoff's voltage law. Examples are provided for both techniques along with guidelines for choosing an analysis method.

Uploaded by

Quantumality 00
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Week 6

Chapter 4
Basic Nodal and Mesh Analysis

Copyright © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for


1 reproduction or display.
Circuit Analysis

 as circuits get more complicated, we need an


organized method of applying KVL, KCL,
and Ohm’s
 nodal analysis assigns voltages to each node,
and then we apply KCL
 mesh analysis assigns currents to each mesh,
and then we apply KVL

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reproduction or display. 2
Nodal Analysis Method/Steps

 Select a reference node


 ground in most cases
 Define node voltages
 Do KCL at nodes with unknown voltages
 Solve for node voltages

Node Analysis is a systematic way of applying KCL

3
Example

 In this example, there are three nodes


 Assign voltages to every node relative to a
reference node

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reproduction or display. 4
Choosing the Reference Node

 as the bottom node, or


 as the ground connection, if there is one, or
 a node with many connections

 assign voltages relative to reference


Copyright © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for
reproduction or display. 5
Apply KCL to Find Voltages
Apply KCL to node 1 ( Σ out = Σ in) and
Ohm’s law to each resistor:
v1 v1  v 2
  3.1
2 5

Note: the current flowing out of


node 1 through the 5 Ω resistor is

v1-v2= i5
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reproduction or display. 6
Apply KCL to Find Voltages
Apply KCL to node 2 ( Σ out = Σ in) and
Ohm’s law to each resistor:
v 2 v 2  v1
  (1.4)
1 5
We now have two equations for
the two unknowns v1 and v2 and
 can solve.

[ v1 = 5 V and v2= 2V]

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reproduction or display. 7
Example: Nodal Analysis

Find the current i in the circuit.

Answer: i = 0 (since v1=v2=20 V)


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Nodal Analysis: Dependent
Source Example
Determine the power
supplied by the
dependent source.

Key step: eliminate i1


from the equations
using v1=2i1

Copyright © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for


Answer: 4.5 kW reproduction or display. 9
Voltage Sources and the
Supernode
What is the current through a voltage source
connected between nodes?
We can eliminate the need for
introducing a current variable
by applying KCL to the
supernode.

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reproduction or display. 10
The Supernode

• Apply KCL at Node 1.


• Apply KCL at the supernode.
• Add the equation for the voltage
source inside the supernode.

v1  v 3 v1  v 2
  3  8
4 3
v 2 v 2  v1 v 3 v 3  v1
    (25)  (3)
1 3 5 4
v 3  v 2  22

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reproduction or display. 11
Dependent Source Example

Find i1

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Mesh Analysis: Nodal Alternative

a mesh is a loop which does not contain any


other loops within it
 in mesh analysis, we assign currents and solve
using KVL
 assigning mesh currents automatically ensures
KCL is followed
 this circuit has four meshes:

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reproduction or display. 13
The Mesh Analysis Method

Mesh currents

Branch currents
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Mesh: Apply KVL
Apply KVL to mesh 1 Apply KVL to mesh 2
( Σ drops=0 ): ( Σ drops=0 ):

-42 + 6i1 +3(i1-i2) = 0 3(i2-i1) + 4i2 -10 = 0

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Example: Mesh Analysis

Determine the power supplied by the 2 V


source.
Applying KVL to the meshes:

−5 + 4i1 + 2(i1 − i2) − 2 = 0

+2 + 2(i2 − i1) + 5i2 + 1 = 0

Solve: i1=1.132 A, i2 = −0.1053 A.

Answer: 2.474 W Copyright © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for
reproduction or display. 16
A Three Mesh Example
Follow each mesh
clockwise

Simplify

Solve the equations:


i1 = 3 A, i2 = 2 A, and i3 = 3 A.

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Current Sources and the
Supermesh
What is the voltage across a current source in
between two meshes?
We can eliminate the need for
introducing a voltage variable
by applying KVL to the
supermesh formed by joining
mesh 1 and mesh 3.

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The Supermesh

Apply KVL to mesh 2:


1(i2 − i1) + 2i2 + 3(i2 − i3) = 0

Apply KVL supermesh 1/3:


-7 +1(i1 − i2) + 3(i3 − i2) +1i3 = 0

Add the current source:


7 =i1 − i3

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Dependent Source Example

Find the currents.

Key step:
vx
 i3  i1
9

Answer: i1 = 15 A , i2 = 11 A, and i3 = 17 A
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reproduction or display. 20
Node or Mesh: How to Choose?

 usethe one with fewer equations, or


 usethe method you like best, or
 useboth (as a check), or
 usecircuit simplifying methods from the
next chapter

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reproduction or display. 21

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