Scribd
Upload
11 views55 pages

Atomsfinal

Uploaded by

laizfeer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
11 views55 pages

Atomsfinal

Uploaded by

laizfeer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 55

ATOMS:

INSIDE OUT
ATOM/S
- too small to see with the
unaided eye
- the smallest/ tiniest basic

unit / building blocks of


matter
ATOM/S
-Greek philosophers:
- indivisible

- has no parts
-Scientists:

-are composed of even smaller

or tiny particles
ATOMS
-areelectrical in nature
which contain particles
with positive and
negative charges
 ATOMS

 the mass is mainly


determined by the
mass of the nucleus
These smaller or tiny particles are
collectively referred to
SUBATOMIC PARTICLES
 Protons (+),
 Electrons (-), and
 Neutrons (0)
HOW DO THESE
COMPONENTS
DIFFER FROM
EACH OTHER?
PROPERTIES OF PROTONS
 one of three main particles
that make up the atom
 are found in the nucleus of the

atom
 is a tiny, dense region at the

center of the atom


CHARACTERISTICS OF PROTONS
 a mass of 1 atomic mass unit (amu) -
1.67×10−27kilograms
 make up virtually all of the mass of an
atom
 the number of protons (atomic
number) is fixed for an atom of an
element
 no two elements have the same atomic
WHY IS A PROTON POSITIVELY CHARGED?

 Positive charges arise from the


electromagnetic force and is found on
several subatomic particles.
 A molecule with more protons than
electrons will also have a positive charge.
WHY IS A PROTON POSITIVELY CHARGED?

 made up of other subatomic particles


called quarks.
 consists of
 two Up quarks (+2/3 charge each) and one
Down quark (-1/3 charge). When you
combine the charges of the quarks, you
get +1.
ELECTRONS (-)
 surround protons and neutrons as a
cloud of electrons
 compose the nucleus and
collectively called as nucleons
ELECTRONS (-)
 are attracted to the positive
charge of the nucleus
 This attraction is called

electromagnetic force
NEUTRONS
 it was detected 30 years after
the electron and the proton
were discovered
 the number of neutrons may

vary
 NUCLEONS
 are collectively mass of protons and
neutrons

 NUCLEUS
 are tightly packed nucleons
 found at the center of the atom
 most contained mass
 determine the mass of an atom
Properties of the 3 Subatomic Particles

 One of their properties is their masses.


 protons and neutrons are “massive indeed”
 The massive part of the atom comes from

the masses of the protons and neutrons.


 are related to one another by their mass and

charge.
 Proton (p+) is positively charged particle
 The atomic number of an element represents

the number of protons in the nucleus.


 Electron (e-) is negatively charged particle
 All atoms of an element have the same

number of electrons
 Electrons can be shared or transferred

among atoms.
Why does an atom stay
together?
 It stays together because the

positively charged nucleus


always attracts the negatively
charged electron.
 Atoms have an equal number of
protons and electrons; therefore,
they have a no net charge.
 Ion is an atom that has gained or

lost one or more electrons, thus


becoming positively or negatively
charged.
 Neutron is an uncharged particle
 the mass number of an element is

the number of
protons and neutrons (nucleons) in the
nucleus.
 Isotope is one of two or more forms of

atoms of an element that differ in their


number of neutrons. They have the same
atomic number (same number of protons
and electrons), but a different mass number
due to more or fewer neutrons.
In nature, an important rule is that
 positive charged particles always attract

negative charged particles, and


 negative charged particles always repel

negative charged particles, and


 positive charged particles always repel

positive charged particles.


This rule is summarized as unlike charges
attract, while like charges repel.
Can an atom be electrically neutral?
 Yes! Since electrons carry a negative

charge and protons a positive charge,


when you have an equal number of
each in an atom, their charges simply
cancel each other out, making the
atom neutral.
 However, when electrons are
added or removed from a
neutral atom, the atom
becomes an ion and its no
longer neutral because you
now have unequal number of
protons and electrons.

You might also like