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Coastal Engineering

The document discusses different types of mechanical waves including internal waves, tidal waves, tsunamis, storm surges, splash waves, and atmospheric waves. It also discusses electromagnetic waves and components of basic waves such as crest, trough, wavelength, and period.

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78 views18 pages

Coastal Engineering

The document discusses different types of mechanical waves including internal waves, tidal waves, tsunamis, storm surges, splash waves, and atmospheric waves. It also discusses electromagnetic waves and components of basic waves such as crest, trough, wavelength, and period.

Uploaded by

Ica
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WAVE

CLASSIFICATION
AND WAVE
PROPERTIES:
STORM SURGE, TIDES, SEASONAL AND
LONG-TERM FLUCTUATIONS
Mechanical Waves

Wave

Electromagnetic
Waves
Mechanical Waves
• disturbances in any medium or substance
• transfers energy through a medium
Electromagnetic Waves
• disturbances or oscillations in electrical and magnetic fields
• can travel not only through air and solid materials, but also through the vacuum of space.
Types Of Mechanical Waves

• Internal Waves
• Tidal Waves
• Tsunamis
• Storm Surges
• Splash Waves
• Atmospheric Waves
• Wind Waves and Swells
Internal Waves
• form at the boundaries of water masses of different densities
(i.e., at a pycnocline), and propagate at depth.
• These generally move more slowly than surface waves, and can
be much larger, with heights exceeding 100 m.
Tidal Waves
• due to the movement of the tides.
• Tides are generated due to the combined effect of the Earth’s
rotation and the gravitational attraction from the Moon and
the Sun.
• The period of tides is between 12 and 24 hours, and their
wavelength is in the order of hundred to thousand kilometres.
Tsunami Waves
• large waves created as a result of earthquakes or other seismic
disturbances.
• Seismic Sea Waves
• Their wave period is between 1 and 20 minutes, and their
wavelength is between a few to hundreds of kilometers
Storm Surges
• slightly shorter waves than tides, with periods of 1 or 2 days
and wavelengths of a few hundred kilometres.
• These are generated by large-scale atmospheric systems or
storms, characterized by low pressures and strong sustained
winds.
Splash Waves
• formed when something falls into the ocean and creates a
splash.
Atmospheric Waves
• form in the sky at the boundary between air masses of
different densities.
• These often create ripple effects in the clouds.
Wind waves and swells
• wave type with periods lower than 20 seconds. The wind-
generated waves with periods larger than 0.25 seconds are
known as surface gravity waves
• When generated by local winds, they are irregular and short-
crested and are known as wind sea.
Components to a Basic Wave
Components to a Basic Wave
• Still water level: where the water surface would be if there were no waves
present and the sea was completely calm.
• Crest: the highest point of the wave.
• Trough: the lowest point of the wave.
• Wave height: the distance between the crest and the trough.
• Wavelength: the distance between two identical points on successive waves,
for example crest to crest, or trough to trough.
• Wave steepness: the ratio of wave height to length (H/L). If this ratio exceeds
1/7 (i.e. height exceeds 1/7 of the wavelength) the wave gets too steep, and
will break.
Components to a Basic Wave
• Period: the time it takes for two successive crests to pass a given point.
• Frequency: the number of waves passing a point in a given amount of time,
usually expressed as waves per second. This is the inverse of the period.
• Speed: how fast the wave travels, or the distance travelled per unit of time.
This is also called Celerity (c), where;
c = wavelength x frequency
Sea Levels
• The total volume of the ocean can change as a result of changes in
ocean mass (addition of water to the ocean from the land) or
expansion/contraction of the ocean water as it warms/cools
SHORT
TERM

Sea
Level SEASONAL

Rise
LONG
TERM
The End

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