KNOW HOW YOUR

PHONE’S CAMERA:
WORK!
Eakamkaar Singh
KNOW HOW YOUR
PHONE’S CAMERA:
WORK!
Eakamkaar Singh
01 How do our
eyes see?
01 How do our
eyes see?
01 How do our eyes see?

Light from a source must

fall on an object, reflect
from it and enter our eye for
us to see it.

Without light, your

eyes are
FUNCTIONLESS
01 How do our eyes see?
01 How do our eyes see?
02 Solar Spectrum
02 Solar Spectrum
 02 Solar Spectrum

Planarian
 02 Solar Spectrum

Planarian
Trilobites
 02 Solar Spectrum

Planarian
Trilobites
 How old

03 cameras
worked?
03 How old cameras worked?

Photographic Film :

Light-sensitive silver halide crystals made into a

gelatinous emulsion

Why negatives? :

When you took a photograph, light passed

through the camera and interacted with the film.
Wherever light hit it, that part became darker.
03 How old cameras worked?

Photographic Film :

Light-sensitive silver halide crystals made into a

gelatinous emulsion

Why negatives? :

When you took a photograph, light passed

through the camera and interacted with the film.
Wherever light hit it, that part became darker.
03 How old cameras worked?

Photographic Film :

Light-sensitive silver halide crystals made into a

gelatinous emulsion

Why negatives? :

When you took a photograph, light passed

through the camera and interacted with the film.
Wherever light hit it, that part became darker.
So, the object is dark and rest of the part is
lighter.
04 Photosites
(Pixels)
04 Photosites (Pixels)
04 Photosites (Pixels)
04 Photosites (Pixels)

Bayer Filter
 04 Photosites (Pixels)

Bayer Filter CYYM Filter RGBE Filter

 04 Photosites (Pixels)

Q. Do more Mega Pixel mean better image?

A. No. It depends on various factors:
- Size of Sensor
- Size of Pixel
- Pixel binning
 04 Photosites (Pixels)
Pixel Binning:

Bayer Filter
 04 Photosites (Pixels)
Pixel Binning:

Bayer Filter
 04 Photosites (Pixels)
Pixel Binning:

Bayer Filter Quad-Bayer Filter

05 CCD vs CMOS
05 CCD vs CMOS

ADC

Amplifier

Charge to Voltage
Converter
05 CCD vs CMOS

ADC

Amplifier

Charge to Voltage
Converter
05 CCD vs CMOS

↓ Vertical Shift Register

ADC

Amplifier
← Horizontal Shift Register

Charge to Voltage
Converter
05 CCD vs CMOS

↓ Vertical Shift Register

ADC

Amplifier
← Horizontal Shift Register

Charge to Voltage
Converter
05 CCD vs CMOS

↓ Vertical Shift Register

ADC

Amplifier
← Horizontal Shift Register

Charge to Voltage
Converter
05 CCD vs CMOS

↓ Vertical Shift Register

ADC

Amplifier
← Horizontal Shift Register

Charge to Voltage
Converter
05 CCD vs CMOS

↓ Vertical Shift Register

ADC

Amplifier
← Horizontal Shift Register

Charge to Voltage
Converter
05 CCD vs CMOS

↓ Vertical Shift Register

ADC

Amplifier
← Horizontal Shift Register

Charge to Voltage
Converter
05 CCD vs CMOS

↓ Vertical Shift Register

ADC

Amplifier
← Horizontal Shift Register

Charge to Voltage
Converter
05 CCD vs CMOS

↓ Vertical Shift Register

ADC

Amplifier
← Horizontal Shift Register

Charge to Voltage
Converter
05 CCD vs CMOS

↓ Vertical Shift Register

ADC

Amplifier
← Horizontal Shift Register

Charge to Voltage
Converter
05 CCD vs CMOS

↓ Vertical Shift Register

ADC

Amplifier
← Horizontal Shift Register

Charge to Voltage
Converter
05 CCD vs CMOS

↓ Vertical Shift Register

ADC

Amplifier
← Horizontal Shift Register

Charge to Voltage
Converter
05 CCD vs CMOS

↓ Vertical Shift Register

ADC

Amplifier
← Horizontal Shift Register

Charge to Voltage
Converter
05 CCD vs CMOS

↓ Vertical Shift Register

ADC

Amplifier
← Horizontal Shift Register

Charge to Voltage
Converter
05 CCD vs CMOS

↓ Vertical Shift Register

ADC

Amplifier
← Horizontal Shift Register

Charge to Voltage
Converter
 05 CCD vs CMOS

↓ Vertical Shift Register

ADC

Amplifier
← Horizontal Shift Register

Charge to Voltage
Converter
 05 CCD vs CMOS
↓ Pixel select switch

↓ Vertical Shift Register

ADC
← Column select switch

Amplifier
← Horizontal Shift Register

Charge to Voltage
Converter
 05 CCD vs CMOS
↓ Pixel select switch

↓ Vertical Shift Register

ADC
← Column select switch

Amplifier
← Horizontal Shift Register

Charge to Voltage
Converter
 05 CCD vs CMOS
↓ Pixel select switch

↓ Vertical Shift Register

ADC
← Column select switch

Amplifier
← Horizontal Shift Register

Charge to Voltage
Converter
 05 CCD vs CMOS
↓ Pixel select switch

↓ Vertical Shift Register

ADC
← Column select switch

Amplifier
← Horizontal Shift Register

Charge to Voltage
Converter
 05 CCD vs CMOS
↓ Pixel select switch

↓ Vertical Shift Register

ADC
← Column select switch

Amplifier
← Horizontal Shift Register

Charge to Voltage
Converter
 05 CCD vs CMOS

↓ Pixel select switch

↓ Vertical Shift Register

ADC

Amplifier
← Horizontal Shift Register

← Column select switch

Charge to Voltage
Converter
 05 CCD vs CMOS

- More expensive
- Less expensive
- Use more power
- Use less power
- Less digital Noise
- More digital Noise
- One frame at a time
- Rolling shutter issue
- Space and Aerial
- Consumer grade eproduct
ephotography
- Electron to voltage
- One by one electron eto
econversion at each epixel
voltage conversion
level
06 Camera Module
06 Camera Module
07
Optical Zoom vs
Digital Zoom
07 Optical Zoom vs Digital Zoom
07 Optical Zoom vs Digital Zoom
07 Optical Zoom vs Digital Zoom
07 Optical Zoom vs Digital Zoom
07 Optical Zoom vs Digital Zoom
 Why do we need

08
multiple
cameras? (Lens
Swapping)
 08 Lens Swapping
- Prime Lens
- Ultra Wide Lens
- Telephoto Lens
- Macro Lens
 08 Lens Swapping
- Prime Lens
- Ultra Wide Lens
- Telephoto Lens
- Macro Lens
08 Lens Swapping
08 Lens Swapping
08 Lens Swapping
09 Shutter
09 Shutter
 More features of the camera

Focus ISO Exposure White Balance

Automatic Focus It corresponds to It refers to the It establishes the

uses software to the amplification amount of light true color of
adjust the image. factor at the pixel reaching the white in your
Manual focus level. camera’s sensor image and serves
shifts the lens More ISO gives during image as a baseline for
arrangement. Brighter Image. capture process all other colors
 More features of the camera

Focus ISO Exposure White Balance

Automatic Focus It corresponds to It refers to the It establishes the

uses software to the amplification amount of light true color of
adjust the image. factor at the pixel reaching the white in your
Manual focus level. camera’s sensor image and serves
shifts the lens More ISO gives during image as a baseline for
arrangement. Brighter Image. capture process all other colors
 More features of the camera

Focus ISO Exposure White Balance

Automatic Focus It corresponds to It refers to the It establishes the

uses software to the amplification amount of light true color of
adjust the image. factor at the pixel reaching the white in your
Manual focus level. camera’s sensor image and serves
shifts the lens More ISO gives during image as a baseline for
arrangement. Brighter Image. capture process all other colors
 More features of the camera

Focus ISO Exposure White Balance

Automatic Focus It corresponds to It refers to the It establishes the

uses software to the amplification amount of light true color of
adjust the image. factor at the pixel reaching the white in your
Manual focus level. camera’s sensor image and serves
shifts the lens More ISO gives during image as a baseline for
arrangement. Brighter Image. capture process all other colors
 More features of the camera

Focus ISO Exposure White Balance

Automatic Focus It corresponds to It refers to the It establishes the

uses software to the amplification amount of light true color of
adjust the image. factor at the pixel reaching the white in your
Manual focus level. camera’s sensor image and serves
shifts the lens More ISO gives during image as a baseline for
arrangement. Brighter Image. capture process all other colors
 More features of the camera

Focus ISO Exposure White Balance

Automatic Focus It corresponds to It refers to the It establishes the

uses software to the amplification amount of light true color of
adjust the image. factor at the pixel reaching the white in your
Manual focus level. camera’s sensor image and serves
shifts the lens More ISO gives during image as a baseline for
arrangement. Brighter Image. capture process all other colors
THANKS!