The document discusses neutron scattering techniques. It provides an introduction and outlines different types of neutron scattering including elastic and inelastic scattering. Small angle neutron scattering is described in more detail. The advantages and achievements of neutron scattering are also summarized.
The document discusses neutron scattering techniques. It provides an introduction and outlines different types of neutron scattering including elastic and inelastic scattering. Small angle neutron scattering is described in more detail. The advantages and achievements of neutron scattering are also summarized.
Original Description:
Uses a cascade effect from the collision of a proton on a heavy metal.
The document discusses neutron scattering techniques. It provides an introduction and outlines different types of neutron scattering including elastic and inelastic scattering. Small angle neutron scattering is described in more detail. The advantages and achievements of neutron scattering are also summarized.
The document discusses neutron scattering techniques. It provides an introduction and outlines different types of neutron scattering including elastic and inelastic scattering. Small angle neutron scattering is described in more detail. The advantages and achievements of neutron scattering are also summarized.
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Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology, Sarang
Presentation on “Neutron Scattering” Guided by: P.K.Malik Submitted by Brijesh Chandra Roll no:25609 Regd no:0601105054 Out line • Introduction • Why neutrons? • Neutron Vs X-Rays! • Neutron Scattering • Types of Neutron Scattering • Small Angle Neutron Scattering • Advantages of neutron scattering • Achievements of neutron scattering Introduction Neutron scattering is a technique which is outsourced in various field inorder to determine the valuable properties of materials within short span of time. Neutrons are useful in determining vibrational, magnetic & lattice excitation. Neutron Scattering falls into two basic categories - elastic and inelastic. Why neutrons? • Neutrons have No Charge! • The Energies of neutrons are similar to the energies of elementary excitations! • Highly penetrating • Molecular Vibrations and Lattice modes • Nondestructive • Magnetic excitations • Can be used in extremes • The Wavelengths of neutrons are similar to • Neutrons have a Magnetic Moment! atomic spacing!
• • Sensitive to structure Magnetic structure • • Gathers information from 10-10 to 10-7 m Fluctuations • • Crystal structures and atomic spacings Magnetic materials
• • Neutrons probe Nuclei!
Neutrons have Spin! • • Light atom sensitive Polarized beams • • Sensitive to isotopic substitution Atomic orientation • Coherent and incoherent scattering Neutron vs X-ray How do we get neutrons? Research Reactor Sources Uses nuclear fission to create neutrons Continuous neutron flux Flux is dependent on fission rate Limited by heat flow in from the reaction Creates radioactive nuclear waste How do we get neutrons? Spallation Sources Uses a cascade effect from the collision of a proton on a heavy metal. Pulsed Source High Intensity Heat production is relatively low What is neutron scattering? Elastic Neutron Scattering • No loss of energy • Examines the change in momentum or angle of the neutrons.
Inelastic Neutron Scattering
• Examines both momentum and energy dependencies. TYPES OF NEUTRON SCATTERING NEUTRON SCATTERING
Inelastic Neutron Neutron neutron SANS diffraction reflectometry Scattering Elastic Neutron Scattering • Determine length scales and differentiate between nano-, micro-, and macro-systems. • Utilizes position and momentum correlation. Schematic diagram of Elastic scattering Inelastic Neutron Scattering
Uses both change in momentum and energy to
characterize a systems vibrational, magnetic, and lattice excitations. Schematic diagram of inelastic scattering SMALL ANGLE NEUTRON SCATTERING • Similar to SAXS. • Critical Opalescence. • Wide variety of technological and scientific application. • Uses collimation of neutron beam to determine the scattering angle of a neutron. • USANS and SESANS SANS Instrumentation • Monochromatic (filters neutrons at different wavelengths), Collimation(slit used to sample beam size), Sample table (10X10cm), detector (helium used) DISADVANTAGES OF SANS
• Neutron sources are very expensive.
• Neutron flux is very low.
• Large samples are required due to low
interaction of neutrons with matter.
ADVANTAGES OF NEUTRON SCATTERING • Wide range of energy scales may be probed. • Measurement over wide range of distance scales. • Structural and dynamic information can be achieved in greater detail. • Study of microscopic magnetic structures. • Neutrons are non-destructive. • Most reliable source of scientific information. MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS OF NEUTRON SCATTERING • Magnetic Structures • Elementary Excitations and Phase Transitions • Polymer Conformation and Dynamics • Structure and Dynamics of Liquids • Proton Positions and Motions in Biomolecules • Crystal Structures and Magnetism of High Temperature Superconductors • Concepts of Statistical Physics • Strain in Engineering Materials • Electro-weak Interaction • Quantization of Neutron Waves in the Field of Gravity Conclusion • Neutrons are produced in two main ways • Research Reactors • Spallation Sources • The different principles & techniques involved in neutron scattering, both elastic and inelastic have been discussed. • Neutron scattering encompasses all scientific techniques whereby the deflection of neutron radiation is used as a scientific probe. References • 1. P. A. Egelstaff: Thermal Neutron Scattering, Academic Press, New York (1965). • 2. A.A.Z. Ahmad, Nuclear Science & Applications B6, 14 (1973). • 3. G.E. Bacon, Neutron Diffraction, 3rd Edition, Clarendon Press, Oxford (1975). • 4. K.R. Rao, Physics News, 9, No. 4, 1 (1978). • 5 C. G. Windsor, A.J. Allen, M.T. Hutchings, C.M. Sayers, R.N. Sinclair, P. Schofield, C.J. Wright, Proc. Conf. Neutron Scattering in the Nineties, IAEA-CN-46/45, p 575 ( 1985 ). • 6. A. Z. Ahmad, Proc. Seminar on Operation and Utilization of the Research Reactor at AERE, Savar, Dhaka, September, 14, 1987 p.112 (1988). • 7. F. U. Ahmed, A.A. Khan, M.A. Awal and A.A.Z. Ahmad, INST Internal Report No. INST28/RNPD-2(June1988). • 8. Guinier, and G. Fournet, Small-Angle Scattering of X-Rays, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1955. A more accessible source may be http://www.ncnr.nist.gov/resources/ • 9. J. S. Higgins and H. C. Benoit, Polymers and Neutron Scattering, Clarendon Press, Oxford (1994) • 10. G. L. Squires, Introduction to Thermal Neutron Scattering, Dover Publications, New York (1996) THANK YOU ALL.
