21st Century

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LESSON 1

Geographic, Linguistic and Ethnic Dimensions of Philippine Literary


History from Pre-Colonial to the Contemporary
1. Whatdo you know
about the different
Literary Periods in
Philippine
Literature?
2. What are the essential
elements of the literary
pieces under
different periods of
literature?
E G H D A J I B C F
PRE-SPANISH LITERATURE – is characterized
by:
 Folk tales. These are made up of stories about life,
adventure, love, horror, and humor where one can
derive lessons. An example of this is THE MOON AND
THE SUN.
PRE-SPANISH
LITERATURE
 The Epic Age. Epics are long narrative poems in
which a series of heroic achievements or events,
usually of a hero, are dealt with at length.
PRE-SPANISH
LITERATURE
 Folk Songs. These are one of the oldest forms of Philippine
literature that emerged in the pre-Spanish period. These songs
mirrored the early forms of culture. Many of these have 12
syllables.
Examples
 Kundiman
 Kumintang o Tagumpay
 Ang Dalit o Imno,
 Ang Oyayi o Hele,
 Diana,
 Soliraning
 Talindaw
Understanding Literary History
PERIOD OF ENLIGHTENMENT (1972-
1898)

The Propaganda Movement (1872-1896) - This movement


was spearheaded mostly by the intellectual middle-class
like Jose Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar; Graciano Lopez Jaena,
Antonio Luna, Mariano Ponce, Jose Ma. Panganiban, and
Pedro Paterno.
PERIOD OF ENLIGHTENMENT (1972-
1898)
Some of Rizal’s writings: Noli Me Tangere, Mi Ultimo Adios, Sobre
La Indolencia Delos Filipinos and Filipinas Dentro De Cien Aňos.

Some of Del Pilar’s writings: Pagibig sa Tinubuang Lupa (Love of


Country), Kaingat Kayo (Be Careful), and Dasalan at Tocsohan
(Prayers and Jokes).

Some of Jaena’s writings: Ang Fray Botod, La Hija Del Fraile (The
Child of the Friar), and Everything Is Hambug (Everything is mere
show), Sa Mga Pilipino...1891), and Talumpating Pagunita Kay
Kolumbus (An Oration to Commemorate Columbus).
THE AMERICAN REGIME (1898-1944)

Characteristics of Literature during this period:

The languages used in writing were Spanish and Tagalog


and the dialects of the different regions. But the writers in
Tagalog, continued in their lamentations on the conditions
of the country and their attempts to arouse love for one’s
native tongue and the writers in English imitated the
themes and methods of the Americans.
THE JAPANESE PERIOD (1941-1945)

Philippine Literature was interrupted in its


development when another foreign country, Japan,
conquered the Philippines between1941-1945. Philippine
literature in English came to a halt. This led to all
newspapers not to be circulated in the community
except for TRIBUNE and PHILIPPINE REVIEW.
Filipino Poetry during this period

The common theme of most poems during the Japanese


occupation was nationalism, country, love, and life in the barrios,
faith, religion, and the arts.

Three types of poems emerged during this period:

a. Haiku , a poem of free verse that the Japanese like. It


was made up of 17 syllables divided into three lines and
b. Tanaga – like the Haiku, is short, but it had measure and
rhyme.
c. Karaniwang Anyo (Usual Form)
PHILIPPINE LITERATURE IN ENGLISH (1941-1945)
• Because of the strict prohibitions imposed by the
Japanese in the writing and publishing of works in
English, Philippine literature in English experienced a
dark period. For the first twenty years, many books
were published both in Filipino and in English.
• In the New Filipino Literature, Philippine literature in
Tagalog was revived during this period. Most themes
in the writings dealt with Japanese brutalities, the
poverty of life under the Japanese government, and
the brave guerilla exploits.
PERIOD OF ACTIVISM (1970-1972)

The Literary Revolution

• The youth became vocal with their


sentiments. They demanded a change in the
government. It was manifested in the bloody
demonstrations and the sidewalk
expressions and also in literature.
PERIOD OF THE NEW SOCIETY (1972- 1980)

The Literary Revolution


• The period of the New Society started on September 21, 1972.
• The Carlos Palanca Awards continued to give annual awards.\
• Poems dealt with patience, regard for native culture, customs,
and the beauties of nature and surroundings. Newspapers
donned new forms.
• News on economic progress, discipline, culture, tourism, and
the like were favored more than the sensationalized reporting
of killings, rape, and robberies. Filipinos before were hooked in
reading magazines and comics.
PERIOD OF THE THIRD REPUBLIC (1981-1985)

• Martial Rule was at last lifted on January 2, 1981.


• The Philippines became a new nation, and this, former President
Marcos called “The New Republic of the Philippines.”
• Poems during this period of the Third Republic were romantic and
revolutionary.
• Many Filipino songs dealt with themes that were true-to-life like
those of grief, poverty, aspirations for freedom, love of God, of
country and fellowmen.
POST-EDSA 1 REVOLUTION (1986-1995)

• the Filipino people regained their independence, which they


lost twenty years ago. In four days from February 21-25, 1986,
the so-called People Power (Lakas ng Bayan) prevailed.
• It was noticed in the new Filipino songs, newspapers, speeches,
and even in the television programs.
• The now crony newspapers that enjoyed an overnight increase
in circulation were THE INQUIRER, MALAYA, and the PEOPLE’S
JOURNAL.
21st CENTURY PERIOD
• The new trends have been used and introduced to meet the needs and
tastes of the new generation.
• 21st Century learners are demanded to be ICT inclined to compete with
the style and format of writing as well. New codes or lingos are used to
add flavor in the literary pieces produced nowadays.
I d e n t i f y R e p re s e n t a t i v e Te x t s
A n d A u t h o r s F ro m E a c h
Region
Philippine Representative Texts and
Authors

Main Islands in the Philippines

1. Luzon
2. Visayas
3. Mindanao
Literature of the Pre-Christian Tribes from the main
islands in the Philippines
Fay-Cooper Cole was the author of Traditions of the
Tinguian: A Study of Philippine Folk-Lore. He also worked
as Assistant Curator of Malayan Ethnology of the Field
Museum of natural History in Chicago. He collected the
Tinguian stories from 1907-1908 when he stayed with the
Tinguian in Abra for a year and four months. He credited
the help of Dumagat, a Tinguian tribesmen. Cole also noted
that his translation “follow closely the language of
storytellers rather than to offer a polished transaltion.”
Literature of the Pre-Christian Tribes from the main
islands in the Philippines

Mabel Cook Cole was the compiler and annotator of


Philippine Folk Tales published by A.C. McClurg &
Co. in 1916. She was the wife of Fay- Cooper Cole
and he contributed his photographs of the
communities to her book. She spent four years with
the different tribes of the Philippines.
Here are some folktales and myths from each main
island in the Philippines:
Dimensions of Philippine Literary History

Geography- the study of places and the relationships between people and
their environments

Language- a system of conventional spoken, manual (signed), or written


symbols by which individuals express themselves

Ethnicity- a notion that refers to social entities sharing real or putative


ascriptive features like a common origin or cultural-linguistic legacy which
assumedly command special collective commitment, as well as their
retention and transmission
Here is an example on how to identify the
geographic, linguistic and ethnic dimensions of a
literary piece. Read the epic below and note the
dimensions:
PHILIPINE NATIONAL
ARTIST IN LITERATURE

Awarded for having made significant


contributions to the development of Philippine
arts in the field of literature.
https://www.google.com/search?sca_esv=237b9e3607b773e7&sxsrf=ACQVn0-
wk9UF7VSNrgcWp8g0sJBAKvi9wQ:1706710632726&q=my+brother
%27s+peculiar+chicken&tbm=vid&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjkt_3H6IeEAxX4UGwGHfD9B1I
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0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Me4_bK6GgXg

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