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Chapter 3 Orthographicprojection

The document discusses orthographic projection techniques including planes, first and third angle projection, and symbols. It explains how to produce six basic views by imagining unfolding a glass box around an object and the standard arrangement of views for third angle projection used in countries like the US. It also covers transferring dimensions between views using miter lines.

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haikal.ab31
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119 views37 pages

Chapter 3 Orthographicprojection

The document discusses orthographic projection techniques including planes, first and third angle projection, and symbols. It explains how to produce six basic views by imagining unfolding a glass box around an object and the standard arrangement of views for third angle projection used in countries like the US. It also covers transferring dimensions between views using miter lines.

Uploaded by

haikal.ab31
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

3.1 Planes and orthographic projection.


3.2 First and third angle projection
3.3 Symbols in projection

Objectives

Upon completion of this lesson, the student will be able to:-

1. Identify and understand the techniques and method of drawing


orthographic projection drawing.
2. Identify the problems in drawing orthographic projection drawing and
find the ways to solve it.
3. Understand clearly the plane concept and views in orthographic
projection drawing.
4. Differentiate between first and third angle views in orthographic
projection and its symbols.
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

Orthographic projection is very useful for making working


drawings of buildings. Usually the required drawings
include the elevations (front and end views), the plan
or top view. For orthographic projection, two planes are
assumed to intersect. This line of intersection is known as
the XY line or ground line and the four angles resulting
from the intersection of these lines are all right angles.
The four angles are numbered for reference as first,
second, third and fourth angle. And of these the first and
third angles are used in conventional practice for all
projections
One of the most important points to remember is that the
lines of projection are always perpendicular to the face of
projection
Revolving an Object to
Produce the Six Basic Views
Projection of an Object
The Glass Box

• Imagine that the object you are going to draw


is positioned inside a glass box, so that the
large flat surfaces of the object are parallel to
the walls of the box.
• From each point on the object, imagine a ray,
or projector perpendicular to the wall of the
box forming the view of the object on that wall
or projection plane.
The Glass Box
Unfolding the Glass Box
Side plane

Vertical
Plane

Second
angle First
Horizontal
angle
plane

Third
angle
Fourth
angle
Side vertical
plane
Front vertical
plane

Horizontal plane
Side vertical plane

Horizontal plane
FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION
(TYPE E OR
EUROPEAN

FRONT ELEVATION

SYMBOL

PLAN
FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION

A B RIGHT
LEFT

SIDE FRONT FRONT SIDE

PLAN/TOP PLAN/TOP
Front elevation from A Front elevation from B
The essential feature of first angle
projection : The object is placed
between the viewer and the plane of
projection so that the view obtained
from the left appears on the right of the
elevation and vice verse. Similarly, the
view from the top is drawn below.
THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION

(TYPE A OR
AMERICAN)
PLAN

SYMBOL

FRONT ELEVATION
THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION

B
A

Front elevation from A Front elevation from B


In the Third angle method of projection
the plan is placed above the front
elevation. The simple rule is : what ever
is seen on the right side is placed on
the right side; whatever is seen on the
left side is placed on the left.
Plan

Third angle symbol

Front Elevation Side Elevation


Front Elevation Side Elevation

First angle symbol


Plan
Unfolding the Glass box

• For Third Angle Projection (the method in the


U.S.)
• Imagine that the walls of the box are hinged
and unfold the views outward around the front
view.
• This will give you the standard arrangement of
views for 3rd Angle Projection which is used in
the US, Canada, and some other countries.
The Six Basic Views
The Standard Arrangement of Views

TOP
LEFT FRONT RIGHT
BOTTOM
REAR

Why must views be arranged so that they align?


To make it possible for someone to interpret the drawing.
1st Angle Projection
Symbol

3rd Angle Projection Symbol


Ratio measurement for the symbol
150
30 0

od
150
d 1 1/4d
300 150

od
150
1 1/4d d
The distance between the views
Transferring Dimensions
Using a Miter Line to Transfer
Depth 2. Sketch light lines
projecting depth
locations for points to
2 3 miter line and then
down into side
DEPTH

8
1 3. Project
6 additional points,
7 surface by
surface.
5 4
1. Draw miter line at 450 4. Draw the view
1,2 1 2 locating each
45 degrees
at a convenient vertex of the
7,8 7 8 surface on the
distance to produce
the desired view. projection and
5,6 5 6 miter line.

3,4 DEPTH 3
4
Summary

• The six standard views are often


thought of as produced from an
unfolded glass box.
• Distances can be transferred or
projected from one view to another.
• Only the views necessary to fully
describe the object should be drawn.

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