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Tutorial 5 Dynamics of Second Order Systems

The document discusses second order systems and their characteristics including damping factor, step response, and natural frequency. It provides examples of overdamped, critically damped, and underdamped systems. It also gives assignments involving calculating parameters for second order systems based on transfer functions and step responses.

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faraha2406
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40 views19 pages

Tutorial 5 Dynamics of Second Order Systems

The document discusses second order systems and their characteristics including damping factor, step response, and natural frequency. It provides examples of overdamped, critically damped, and underdamped systems. It also gives assignments involving calculating parameters for second order systems based on transfer functions and step responses.

Uploaded by

faraha2406
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DYNAMICS OF SECOND ORDER SYSTEMS

ENG. RANA ADEL


SECOND ORDER SYSTEM

 Second order system is one whose dynamics behavior is represented by the second-order differential equation.

Make sure that the


constant is always
equals to 1
CHARACTERISTIC PARAMETERS OF SECOND ORDER SYSTEMS

Parameters
Natural period
(Characteristic time
Steady state gain (K) Damping coefficient (ξ) constant)
(τ)
STEP RESPONSE
 Damping factor (ratio)
Is a dimensionless measure describing how oscillations in a system decay after a disturbance.

ξ>1 ξ<1 ξ=1


Critically
Overdamped Underdamped
damped

Two complex
Two distinct Two equal real
conjugate
real roots roots
roots
STEP RESPONSE
 Damping factor (ratio)

ξ>1 ξ<1 ξ=1


Critically
Overdamped Underdamped
damped

Fast, Faster than


Sluggish, no
oscillations overdamped,
oscillations
occurs no oscillations
CHARACTERISTICS OF UNDERDAMPED RESPONSE
CHARACTERISTICS OF UNDERDAMPED RESPONSE

Rise Time (

Peak Time:

(w) =

+1)
The Rules inside the table will be
= K(magnitude of the step input) (1+ overshoot)
given for the exam, but all the other
rules have to be memorized
1
𝑁𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 =
τ
ASSIGNMENT 3, PROB. 1
1. A step change of magnitude 5 is introduced into a process having the transfer function;

 Find the following:

i. % overshoot.

ii. Decay ratio.

iii. Maximum value ofy(t).

iv. Ultimate value of y(t).

v. Period of Oscillation.

vi. Rise time.

vii. Peak time.


ASSIGNMENT 3, PROB. 1, SOLUTION

1. Get the values for T and


 Decay ratio = 0.325
T =2
2
 Maximum value of y(t) = 3.925
T=
 Ultimate value of y(t) = 2.5
= 0.5
 Period of Oscillation = 9.026 min
= 0.176
 Rise time = 2.51 min
% overshoot = 57%
 Peak time = 4.514 min
ASSIGNMENT 3, PROB. 2

i. Calculate ζ and t.
ii. If the above output is for a change in the input of 0.5. What is the steady state gain?
ASSIGNMENT 3, PROB. 2, SOLUTION

1. From the above figure we can get the value for the overshoot and period of oscillation
Overshoot = ξ = 0.201
ASSIGNMENT 3, PROB. 2, SOLUTION, CONT’D

Period = 6.3 =
T = 0.982
 If the above output is for a change in the input of 0.5. What is the steady state gain?

K*magnitude of the step input = 3-1


K * 0.5 = 2
K=4
ASSIGNMENT 3, PROB. 3

A step change of magnitude 2 is introduced into a process having the transfer function;

Draw the output response.


ASSIGNMENT 3, PROB. 3, SOLUTION

1. Get the values for Output Response


12
T2 = 2 10
T= 8
6

y(t)
=3 4
2
= 1 (Critically damped system) 0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
time
ASSIGNMENT 3, PROB. 4 (2018)

A step change from 25 to 41 psi in actual pressure results in the measured response from a pressure indicating element shown in
Figure below. Assuming second-order dynamics, calculate all important parameters and write an approximate transfer function in the
form

Where is the instrument output deviation (mm), is the actual pressure deviation (psi)
ASSIGNMENT 3, PROB. 4, SOLUTION
ASSIGNMENT 3, PROB. 5 (2017)

Find the gain, the damping ratio (ζ) and the natural frequency in radians per unit time for the transfer function

Calculate also the frequency with which it will oscillate for a step input.
ASSIGNMENT 3, PROB. 5, SOLUTION

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