UNIT 6 Operational Amplifiers
UNIT 6 Operational Amplifiers
(OP Amps)
UNIT 6
Syllabus
• Operational amplifier,
• Schematic symbol of op-amp,
• Output voltage from op-amp,
• Applications of op-amp,
• Inverting amplifier,
• Non-inverting amplifier,
• Summing amplifier and
• Comparators.
Operational amplifier
• Operational amplifiers (Op-amp) are analog circuit blocks that take differential
voltage inputs and produce single-ended voltage outputs,
• The input stage of an operational amplifier is usually a differential amplifier. Op-
amp is basically a multistage amplifier.
• It uses a number of amplifier stages interconnected to each other in a
complicated manner.
• The amplifier can be configured to perform a variety of operations such as
amplification, addition, subtraction, differentiation and integration.
• Hence the name is operational amplifier (OP-AMP).
• The integrated Op-amp offers all the advantages of monolithic integrated circuits.
• I.e. small size, high reliability, reduced cost, less power consumption.
• IC 741 is the commercially available op-amp in the form of an IC (integrated
circuit) and is extremely popular and used in a variety of applications.
Operational amplifier
• Like resistors and capacitors, an Op-amp is a basic building block in
many important analog electronic circuits.
• It can operate on an AC and a DC signal, giving a vast possibility for its
applications.
• Some other differential amplifiers are fully differential amplifiers,
instrumentation amplifiers, and isolation amplifiers.
• When used with different configurations, it can be used to build
circuits for mathematical operations, buffers, wave generators, and
amplifiers.
Operational amplifier
OP Amp Symbol OP Amp IC 741- Pin Diagram
Operational amplifier
• Open Loop and Closed Loop Op amp Configuration
• An open loop system has no feedback components, and its output
does not influence its operation and inputs.
Closed loop
While a closed loop system connects the system’s inputs to its output via a
feedback path, this feedback can have a degenerative or constructive effect on
the output levels of the system.
The feedback path and element can alter the stability of a system.
A negative feedback path is used in Amplifiers, and positive feedback is used for
oscillators.
Closed loop
• In the closed loop configuration some kind of
“feedback” is introduced in the circuit.
• A part of output is returned back or fed back to
the input.
• Types of feedback:
• Positive feedback or regenerative feedback- if the
feedback signal and the original input signal are in
phase with each other then it is called as the
positive feedback.
• Negative feedback or degenerative feedback- If
the signal is fed back to the input and the original
input signal are 180 degree out of phase, then it is
called as the negative feedback.
Differentiating Between an Ideal and Practical Op amp