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Chapter 1 - Introduction

The document discusses the evolution of programming languages from machine languages to high-level languages like C++. It also explains the process of writing, compiling, linking and executing a C++ program, including using preprocessor directives, compilers, linkers and loaders. The document then describes the problem analysis, coding and execution cycle used in programming and provides an example algorithm to calculate the perimeter and area of a rectangle.

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Farah Aljayyousi
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10 views

Chapter 1 - Introduction

The document discusses the evolution of programming languages from machine languages to high-level languages like C++. It also explains the process of writing, compiling, linking and executing a C++ program, including using preprocessor directives, compilers, linkers and loaders. The document then describes the problem analysis, coding and execution cycle used in programming and provides an example algorithm to calculate the perimeter and area of a rectangle.

Uploaded by

Farah Aljayyousi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C++ Programming: From

Problem Analysis to Program


Design, Fifth Edition
Chapter 1: An Overview of Computers and
Programming Languages

Updated by: Rana Alqurem 1


The Evolution of Programming
Languages (cont'd.)
High-level languages include Basic,
FORTRAN, COBOL, Pascal, C, C++, C#,
and Java
Compiler: translates a program written
in a high-level language machine
language

Updated by: Rana AlQurem


2
Processing a C++ Program
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout << "My first C++ program." << endl;
return 0;
}

Sample Run:
My first C++ program.

Updated by: Rana AlQurem


3
Processing a C++ Program
(cont'd.)
To execute a C++ program:
◦ Use an editor to create a source program in
C++
◦ Preprocessor directives begin with # and are
processed by a the preprocessor
◦ Use the compiler to:
 Check that the program obeys the rules
 Translate into machine language (object
program)

Updated by: Rana AlQurem


4
Processing a C++ Program
(cont'd.)
To execute a C++ program (cont'd.):
◦ Linker:
 Combines object program with other programs
provided by the SDK to create executable code
◦ Loader:
 Loads executable program into main memory
◦ The last step is to execute the program

Updated by: Rana AlQurem


5
Processing a C++ Program
(cont'd.)

Updated by: Rana AlQurem


6
Programming with the Problem
Analysis–Coding–Execution
Cycle
Programming is a process of problem
solving
One problem-solving technique:
◦ Analyze the problem
◦ Outline the problem requirements
◦ Design steps (algorithm) to solve the problem
Algorithm:
◦ Step-by-step problem-solving process
◦ Solution achieved in finite amount of time

Updated by: Rana AlQurem


7
The Problem Analysis–Coding–
Execution Cycle (cont’d.)

Updated by: Rana AlQurem


8
The Problem Analysis–Coding–
Execution Cycle (cont'd.)
Run code through compiler
If compiler generates errors
◦ Look at code and remove errors
◦ Run code again through compiler
If there are no syntax errors
◦ Compiler generates equivalent machine code
Linker links machine code with system
resources

Updated by: Rana AlQurem


9
The Problem Analysis–Coding–
Execution Cycle (cont'd.)
Once compiled and linked, loader can
place program into main memory for
execution
The final step is to execute the program
Compiler guarantees that the program
follows the rules of the language
◦ Does not guarantee that the program will run
correctly

Updated by: Rana AlQurem


C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fifth Edition 10
Example 1-1
Design an algorithm to find the
perimeter and area of a rectangle
The perimeter and area of the rectangle
are given by the following formulas:

perimeter = 2 * (length + width)


area = length * width

Updated by: Rana AlQurem


11
Example 1-1 (cont'd.)
Algorithm:

◦ Get length of the rectangle


◦ Get width of the rectangle
◦ Find the perimeter using the following
equation:
perimeter = 2 * (length + width)
◦ Find the area using the following equation:
area = length * width

Updated by: Rana AlQurem


12

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