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Lesson 3 Computer Organization and Architecture

The document discusses the key components, organization, architecture and structure of computers. It defines computer architecture and organization, and explains the differences between them. It also describes the main parts of a computer including input, output and memory, and how they work together.

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Diana Dawal
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9 views

Lesson 3 Computer Organization and Architecture

The document discusses the key components, organization, architecture and structure of computers. It defines computer architecture and organization, and explains the differences between them. It also describes the main parts of a computer including input, output and memory, and how they work together.

Uploaded by

Diana Dawal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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KNOWLEDGE OF

THE KEY
COMPONENTS
[ORGANIZATION & ARCHITECTURE]OF

COMPUTER
COMPUTER
ARCHITECTURE
Computer architecture refers to
the design and basic structure of
a computer system, including its
hardware structures and their
interconnections.
Computer architecture refers to the design and basic structure of a computer syste
m, including its hardware structures and their interconnections.
Computer architecture refers to those
attributes of a system visible to a
programmer or, put
another way, those attributes that have a
direct impact on the logical execution of
a program.
Examples:
▪ the instruction set
▪ number of bits used to represent various
data types
▪ I/O mechanisms
COMPUTER
ORGANIZATION
Computer organization refers to
the way the various components
of a computer system are
interconnected and work
together to perform tasks and
execute programs.
It encompasses the design and
arrangement of hardware
components, including the
central processing unit (CPU),
memory, input/output devices,
and control units, to ensure
efficient and effective operation
of the computer.
Computer organization deals with
the physical components of a
computer. So, it refers to the
operational unit and the
interconnection between them that
achieves the architectural
specifications. It is basically the
realization of architecture and deals
with functional structure and various
structural relationships.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE AND
COMPUTER ORGANIZATION
COMPUTER
STRUCTURE AND
FUNCTION
COMPUTER
STRUCTURE
Computer structure is the way
that each component is
arranged so that communication
is possible.
PARTS OF COMPUTER
The computer structure in
general, divided into five main
parts, which are as follows:
• Input devices
• Output devices
• I / O Ports
• CPU and
• Memory
INPUT DEVICE
An input device is a computer
hardware which handles input
receiving from outside the
system. The main function of the
input device is to enter data or
give commands by the user into
the system.
OUTPUT DEVICE
Output devices are computer
hardware devices which handle
output activities. The function of
the output device is to display the
results of data processing, as soft
copy, hard copy, voice, or video.
I/O PORTS
I / O Ports are called connectors
which are under the control of the
processor helpful in handling
input and output activities. Or in
other words, this port is used to
connect any device that comes
from outside the computer, like a
printer, scanner, mouse, or USB.
I/O PORTS (CONT.)
In a computer system this port is
present on the back of the CPU
while on the laptop the ports are
located on the right and left side
CPU
The Central Processing unit is
computer hardware called the
brain of the computer system.
Because, the performance of a
computer is determined by the
technology and quality of the
CPU used.
3 TYPES OF
COMPONENTS IN CPU
• Control unit
• Register
• ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
CONTROL UNIT
Controls the operation of the CPU
and hence the computer.
REGISTERS
Provides storage internal to the
CPU.
ALU
Performs the computer’s data
processing functions.
MEMORY
It is a device that functions as a storage medium in a
computer system.

• Volatile called as temporary storage where data is


lost when the computer is turned off, and
• Non-volatile storage is called permanent storage
where data is stored even if the computer is not
turned on.
MEMORY (CONT.)
Based on the location, the memory is divided into two
parts, namely internal and external memory. This
internal memory is the main memory in a computer
system, such as RAM (Random Access Memory) and
ROM (Read Only Memory).

External memory is secondary memory like hard disk,


USB drive, etc.
COMPUTER
The basic
FUNCTIONS function performed by a computer is
execution of a program, which consists of a set
of instructions stored in memory.
▪ Two steps of Instructions Cycle:
>> Fetch
>> Execute
FETCH
Fetch is the retrieval of data by a software program,
script, or hardware device. After being retrieved, the
data is moved to an alternate location or displayed on a
EXECUTE
screen.
is the process by which a computer or virtual machine
reads and acts on the instructions of a computer
program.
ACTIVITY
2.1

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